The Student's Dictionary of

Anglo-Saxon

HENRY SWEET

NY PUBLIC LIBRARY THE BRANCH L BRAR ES

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THE STUDENT'S DICTIONARY

OP

ANGLO-SAXON

SWEET

THE

STUDENT'S DICTIONARY

OF

ANGLO-SAXON

BY

HENRY SWEET, M.A., PH.D., LL.D.

CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE MUNICH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS

Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford 0x2, 6DP

London Glasgow New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Kuala Lumpur Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne A uckland and associates in Beirut Berlin Ibadan Mexico City Nicosia

ISBN o ig 863107 3

First edition 1896 Eleventh impression 1981

-°fM I

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press

Printed in Great Britain at the University Press, Oxford

by Eric Buckley Printer to the University

MMLL

PREFACE

THIS dictionary was undertaken at the request of the Delegates of the Clarendon Press, who, feeling the want of an abridgement of the large Anglo- Saxon dictionary (BT) still in progress, applied to me. From a variety of reasons I felt myself obliged to undertake the work. As the book was wanted as soon as possible, with a view to forestalling unauthorized abridgements, I could only under- take to do my best within a limited space and a limited period. Every dictionary is necessarily a compromise. If done ideally well and on an adequate scale, it is never finished — and an unfinished dictionary is worse than useless — or, if finished, is never uniform as regards materials and treatment. A dictionary which is good from a practical point of view — that is, which is finished within a reasonable time, and is kept within reasonable limits of space — must necessarily fall far short of ideal requirements. In short, we may almost venture on the paradox that a good dictionary is necessarily a bad one.

Sources. — When I first began this work all the existing Anglo-Saxon dictionaries were completely antiquated. The old Bosworth is an uncritical compilation, which falls far short of the scientific requirements even of the period of its first publication. Ettmiiller's Lexicon Anglosaxonicum is far superior as regards accuracy and fullness, but its unhappy arrangement of the words under hypothetical roots makes it practically useless to the beginner. Leo's Angel- sdchsisches Glossar combines the faults of both its predecessors with a recklessness in inventing new forms and meanings which is without a parallel even in Anglo-

Vi PREFACE

Saxon lexicography. I had hardly begun to work steadily at this dictionary when a Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary was brought out by Dr. Clark Hall (CH), an American scholar. CH is a work of great industry, and contains a good deal of new and valuable matter ; but it is terribly uncritical, and embodies an enormous number of spurious words and meanings.

I have already said that this dictionary was undertaken as an abridgement of BT. But BT consists really of two fragments of dictionaries. The first part (A-FIR), for which Bosworth alone is responsible, is far inferior to the succeeding portions of the work, which have been edited by Prof. Toller : these show a great and progressive improvement in fullness, accuracy and method. I have, of course, throughout checked and supplemented BT by the other dictionaries and glossaries — including my own glossaries to the Anglo-Saxon Reader and Oldest English Texts — and by a MS. dictionary of my own, begun many years ago, when I had scarcely emerged from boyhood. CH has also been of considerable service, as he gives references for many of the rarer words. But the labour of testing these, and separating the grains of wheat from the mass of chaff, has been great, and has materially retarded my progress. I have also found time to gather a good deal of fresh material from the texts themselves.

Difficulties. — The great difficulty of Anglo-Saxon lexicography is that we have to rely for our material solely on a limited number of carelessly written and often badly edited manuscripts — there is no long series of native critics, grammarians and lexicographers to help us. The greatest difficulties are with the glossaries of detached words. In many of these English (that is, Anglo-Saxon) explanations of the Latin words are only occasionally interspersed among Latin renderings ; and it is often a difficult task to determine whether a word is English or a miswritten word in Latin or some other language. One editor even prints resuanas as an English gloss to ineptias, not seeing that it stands simply for res i'anas\ And even when we are certain that a word is English we cannot be sure that it has not been displaced, so that it really has nothing to do with the Latin word it follows. Hence the imaginary word blere, ' onyx,' which still encumbers all the dictionaries except the present one. The connexion between the English gloss and its original is often very vague, as when napta ( — naphtha] is glossed tynder, 'tinder,' on account of its inflammability ! Again, the Latin words are often misspelt beyond recognition, and even when correctly spelt often cannot be found in any Latin dictionary, either classical or mediaeval. To deal fully and

PREFACE

VH

successfully with these glossaries would require a combination of qualities that has never yet been achieved, together with several lifetimes. The investigator of Old-English as a whole — to whom these glossaries are only subordinate sources of information — is therefore often obliged to work by guesswork, until some one else guesses better, and to be thankful for an occasional ray of light.

We have similar difficulties with the place-names in the Charters. Even in connected texts there are often great difficulties : such poems as Beowulf and the Exodus teem with obscurities, many of which will probably never be cleared up.

Doubtful matter. — Although I have tried, as a general rule, to keep doubtful matter out of the dictionary, I have been careful to leave a margin, especially in dealing with a well-known text such as Beowulf. But I have often put the reader on his guard by adding (?), or by referring (by Cp.} to some other word of which the doubtful word may be a variant, or by indicating the source of an obscure word ; thus R. tells him that the word or meaning occurs only in the Rhyming Poem, which is the most obscure of all the poems. The doubtfulness of a word is greatly increased when it occurs only once ; accordingly in such cases I often add the warning once. Doubtful endings are printed in thin letters; thus gambe/. means that the word occurs only in the inflected form gamban, which may point either to a feminine gambe or a masculine gamba. So also pyffan means that the word occurs only in forms which leave it in doubt whether the infinitive is pyffan or pyfan.

Late words. — All Anglo-Saxon dictionaries contain words which are not Old-English, but belong to Transition-English (1100-1200), or even to Middle- English. Thus all dictionaries except the present one give a form abbot for abbod with a reference to the year 675 of the Chronicle, which certainly seems early enough. But unfortunately the whole of that entry is an interpolation in Transi- tion- or Early Middle-English, so that the form abbot has no claim whatever to be regarded as Old-English. Another source of these forms are collections of texts such as Kluge's Lesebuch and Assmann's Homilien, which contain late Transition texts mixed up with Old-English ones, so that late forms get into the glossaries to these books, whence they are copied by uncritical compilers. But I have thought it right to keep many of the words which occur in the later portions of the Chronicle, partly on the chance of their being really older than their first occur- rence, partly because of the continuity and great importance of the Chronicle.

via

PREFACE

Words that first occur towards the end of the eleventh century are marked late.'

Unnatural words. — As the Old-English literature consists largely of transla- tions, we may expect to find in it a certain number of words which are contrary to the genius of the language, some of them being positive monstrosities, the result of over-literal rendering of Latin words. I often warn the reader against them by adding (!). These unnatural words are not confined to interlinear translations. The translator of Bede's History is a great offender, and I have had constantly to add the warning Bd. Among the poetical texts the Psalms are especially remarkable for the number of unmeaning compounds they contain, evidently manufactured for the sake of the alliteration ; this text also contains many other unnatural words and word- meanings ; hence the frequent addition of Ps.

Brevity. — In a concise dictionary so much must be omitted that it is necessary to follow strict principles of selection, so as to omit what is least essential and to give most space to what is most important. Otherwise we might easily fall into the error of giving more space to a demonstration of the spuriousness or unnaturalness of a word than to a statement of the meanings and constructions of some really important word. The test of a dictionary is not the number of words it contains, but the fullness of treatment of the commonest words.

Brevity and conciseness have not only the negative advantage of saving space, but also the positive one of facilitating reference by enabling the eye to take in at a glance what would otherwise be scattered over a wide space. It will be seen that the three-column arrangement of the present dictionary, together with the use of systematic contractions and typographical devices, has made it possible to carry compactness and brevity further than has yet been done, and without any loss of clearness. Thus, instead of the lengthy w. dat. of pers. and gen. of thing, I write simply ivdg. Much, too, may be done by omitting what is superfluous. Thus, by adding its class-number to each strong verb, I dispense with the addition of str. vb. Again, as nearly all verbs are recognizable by their ending -an, the absence of the class-numbers serves all the purposes of adding wk. vb., the classes of the weak verbs being easily discriminated by the presence or absence of a mutated vowel in the root. The ignoring of ge- in the alphabetic arrangement (p. xii) has also been a great saving of space : under the old arrangement the reader was often obliged to look up a verb twice, perhaps only to find that the

PREFACE ix

were confined to the preterite participle ; as if a student of German were expected to look up nahm under nehmen and genomnten under genehmen \

Meanings. — The first business of a dictionary such as the present one is to give the meanings of the words in plain Modern English, discriminating clearly the different meanings of each word, but doing this briefly and without the attempt to give all the English words that may be used to translate the Old-English word. Etymological translation should be avoided ; thus gepofta does not mean ' one who sits on the same rowing-bench.' Less mischievous, but equally silly, is the practice of translating an Old-English word by some obsolete or dialectal word, which is assumed — sometimes falsely — to be connected with the Old-English one. Thus, when we have once translated beam by ' child ' there is no more reason for adding ' bairn ' than there is for adding ' kid ' or any other synonym. It is curious that this kind of thing is done only in the Germanic languages : no one thinks of translating un veau, cest le petit d'lme vache by ' a veal, it is the little of a cow,' or of telling us that ' a veal is less grand than a beef.' One practical advantage of avoiding this kind of translation is that when the reader finds in a dictionary such as the present one lizce explained as meaning ' leech ' as well as ' physician/ he feels quite certain that the former word is not a mere repetition of the meaning of the latter. But in some cases where there is no example of the primitive meaning of a word, and yet there is reason to believe that it actually existed in Old-English, I give it in ( ) ; thus under wacan I give (awake).

The distinct meanings are separated by (;), groups of meanings being further marked off by | and ||, the latter being especially used to separate the transitive and intransitive meanings of verbs.

The ambiguity of many English words makes it difficult to define meanings with certainty without full quotations. The best method is to add part of the context in ( ) : thus I explain ddragan by ' draw (sword),' seomian by ' hang heavy (of clouds),' where the italic of stands for ' said of.'

Quotations are next in importance to definitions, though an extensive use of them is quite incompatible with the nature of a concise dictionary. But idioms ought to be given whenever they offer difficulty. Sometimes, too, a quotation is shorter than a detailed explanation. Whenever space has allowed it. I have also given quotations even when they are not absolutely necessary.

x PREFACE

References I omit entirely, as being inconsistent with the plan of this dic- tionary. But I indicate the sources of words in many cases ; and f = ' poetical ' is practically a reference to Grein's Glossar, where full references may be found.

Constructions are given with considerable fullness.

Irregular forms which can be better studied in an ordinary grammar are dealt with very briefly. Thus I characterize bee as ' pi. of hoc ' without going into further details, while under the rarer ac I give fuller details.

Cognate words are given only in Old-English itself. It would, indeed, have argued a strange want of the sense of proportion if I had sacrificed my quotations in order to tell the reader that mann is cognate with Danish mand, or to refer him from the perfectly transparent compound llc-hama to the misleading German leichnam. But I give the sources of borrowed words — or, at least, indicate the language from which they are taken — as this information is definitely limited, and throws direct light on the meaning of the word.

Spellings. — In this dictionary the head-words are given in their Early West- Saxon spellings, with, of course, such restrictions and exceptions as are suggested by practical considerations. Feminine nouns in -ung, -ing are given under the former spelling, unless they occur only in the latter. The ending -nts, -nes is always written -nes ; -o interchanging with -u, as in bearo. menigo, is always written -<?, to distinguish it from the -u of suntt, caru. The silent e in c(e}aru, sc(e]ort is always omitted in the head-words. It is evident that it would have been idle to attempt to do justice to such minute variations in a work like the present one. So also I ignore the diphthong io, always writing it eo, in spite of its etymological value in certain texts.

As the regular variations of spelling are given in the List (p. xiv) in alpha- betical order, they are not repeated under each word. To save space I have made some use of etymological diacritics. Thus the West-Saxon ce which corresponds to Anglian and Kentish e is written ^ (as in d<zd}. So also ie, ie, i$ all represent the same Early West-Saxon sound, but each corresponds to a different vowel in the other dialects, namely i, e, g respectively, as in bierhto, scield, cigle = Anglian and Kentish birhto, sceld, cgle. Variations of spelling which require to be specially noted are given — as in my History of English Sounds — in an abridged form ; thus wita, io implies iviota, the diphthong being given to show that the i of ivita is

PREFACE xi

short. So also ben, oe implies boen ; feorm, a implies farm, the diphthongs ea, eo, ia, w, ie, oe being treated as simple vowels. Where necessary, the place of the vowel is indicated thus : a- (first syllable), -a (last syllable), -a- (middle syllable). Forms that do not occur are marked *. Hence briesan*,y means that the word occurs only in the spelling brysan. but that this is probably only a late spelling, and that if the word occurred in an Early West-Saxon text it would probably be written with ie. As the reader cannot possibly know beforehand whether the spelling he believes or knows to be the normal one actually occurs or not, it is surely better to put the word in the place where he expects to find it than to give way to a too great distrust of hypothetical forms.

Cross-references are given sparingly, and only when really useful to those for whom the dictionary is intended. The reader who wants a cross-reference from bundon to bindan~a.nd perhaps expects to have it repeated vntin. forbindan and all the other derivatives — had better devote a few hours to my Anglo-Saxon Primer. There is no system of cross-references which will enable people ignorant of the elements of Old-English to read charters and other original texts in Old-English ; and cross-references for forms which occur only in interlinear glosses are of no use to beginners, for no beginner would think of reading such texts with a dictionary — or, indeed, of reading them at all. No one who has an elementary knowledge of West-Saxon will have the slightest difficulty in recognizing such a word as woruld by its context, even in the disguise of wiarald. If he has, he need only turn to the list of various spellings, where he will find ia=eo, and in the dictionary itself he will find weoruld with a reference to woruld.

In conclusion, I venture to say that, whatever may be the faults and defects of this work. I believe it to be the most trustworthy Anglo-Saxon dictionary that has yet appeared.

OXFORD,

October i, 1896.

ARRANGEMENT AND CONTRACTIONS

THE order is alphabetic, ce following ad, and / (which also stands for $") following /. But ge- is disregarded (gebed under b), and is generally omitted before verbs, except where accompanied by distinctions of meanings, as in gegan,

Compounds and derivatives generally come immediately after the simple word, whose repetition is denoted by ~, as in bi-spell, ~b6c = btspellboc. If only part of the word is repeated, that part is marked off by an upright stroke, as in bannjan, ~end = bannend. So also in the first quotation given under meenjan, the ~e stands for mane ; but if nothing is added to the ~ when used in this way, it necessarily implies repetition of the complete head-word, whether the head-word contains a | or not : thus in all the quotations given under gem8en|e the ~ stands for gemane.

* denotes hypothetical or non-existent forms (p. xi).

t signifies that the word or idiom or meaning occurs only in poetry, (t) that it is mainly poetical, but occurs also in prose. When all the compounds of a word marked t occur only in poetry, the t is omitted after them ; otherwise the t is repeated after them when necessary, or the exceptions are marked Pr. = ' prose.' i after an isolated vowel means that the shortness or length of the vowel is proved by the metre ; thus *t under iviga means that the metre shows that the i is short, while o\ under firowian means that although the o does not seem to be accented — in which case 6 would have been added — the metre shows it to be long — at least in some dialects.

(?) denotes doubtful words, forms, or meanings (p. vii).

(!) denotes words formed in slavish imitation of Latin (p. viii).

The ( ) in (m.) means that the gender of the noun is doubtful, but probably masculine ;

(/.} means that it is probably feminine, and so on. When the second of two final repeated

consonants is put in ( ), it implies that the uninflected word ends in a single consonant, which

is doubled before an inflectional vowel ; thus fSBSten(n) means nominative fasten, dative

fcestenne, &c.

For the meaning of the thin e in gambe, &c., see p. vii.

For the diacritics in <z, ie, ie, see p. x.

In words divided by a hyphen, the stress is generally on the first syllable, if no stress-mark is used ; if the stress is on any other than the first syllable, it is marked by ' before the letter with which the stress begins, as in be'cuman, which has the same stress as become, whrle in such a word

ARRANGEMENT AND CONTRACTIONS

xiu

as bi-spell the stress is on the first syllable. In such compounds as ongean-cyme the first element is assumed to have the stress in the same place as in otfgean, that is, on the second syllable.

The parts of speech are not generally marked in the case of adjectives, numerals, pronouns, and weak verbs, strong verbs being indicated by the number of their class. Anomalous verbs are marked vb., especially the preterite-present verbs, such as cann, which are given under this form, not under their infinitives.

A. Anglian. a. accusative,

gular.

abs. absolute. abst. abstract. act. active. aj. adjective. an. analogy. av. adverb.

Bd. Bede's History.

cj. conjunction. coll. collective. comp. composition. correl. correlative. cp. compare. cpv. comparative. Ct. Charter.

d. dative. def. definite.

dem. demonstrative. dir. direct.

e. E. early. esp. especially.

f. feminine (noun). fern, feminine. fig. figuratively).

Fr. French.

g. genitive. gen. generally. ger. gerund.

Gk. Greek. G-l. glossary.

accusative sin-

i. instrumental.

inipers. impersonal.

impv. imperative.

indc. indicative — w. indc. with

the conj./<?l followed by vb.

in indc.

indecl. indeclinable. indef. indefinite. indir. indirect. inf. infinitive. infl. influence. intens. intensitive. interj. interjection. interr. interrogative. intr. intransitive.

K. Kentish.

/, L. late. lit. literally. LL. Laws. /-/. Latin.

M. Mercian. m. masculine (noun). masc. masculine. met. metaphorical(ly).

N. Northumbrian.

n. neuter (noun).

neut. neuter.

no. noun.

nom. nominative.

nW. non- West-Saxon.

occ. occasional(ly). of said of (p. ix).

pass, passive. pers. person(al).

pi. plural, nominative and ac- cusative plural, noun in plural.

pleon. pleonastic(ally).

pass, possessive.

Pr. Prose.

pro. pronoun.

prp. preposition.

prs. present.

prt. preterite.

Ps. Psalms (metrical).

ptc. participle, preterite parti- ciple.

R. Rhyming Poem. rel. relative.

rfl. reflexive in form, that is, taking a rfl. pronoun.

sly. subjunctive — w. sbj. with the conj. p<zt followed by vb. in sbj.

Scand. Scandinavian (Scand. words are given in their Ice- landic forms).

sg. singular.

spl. superlative.

st. strong.

tr. transitive.

v. very.

vb. verb (generally implying anomalous vb.).

W. West-Saxon.

w. with — waa. with double ac- cusative, wdg. with dative of person and genitive of thing, and so on.

wk. weak.

Note that these contractions are often combined : mf. noun which is both m. and/!, eW. early West-Saxon, Id. dative in the later language, vL. very late (p. viii).

XIV

VARIATIONS OF SPELLING

[The spellings which follow the -= are those under which the word must be sought in the dictionary, if it cannot be found under the original spelling. Unaccented vowels are disregarded.]

ps = sp. pt = ft. qu = cw. sc = s. see - sc. sci = sc. s> = st. t-J>.

U = f, Ug, V, W.

uu = u, w.

v = f.

weo = wo, wu.

wi = wu.

wo = weo.

wu = w, weo, wo, wy.

wy = weo, wi.

x = cs, hs, sc.

y = e, i, ie, yg.

a = x, ea. x = a, aeg, e, ea. aei, adg = seg.	f=w. fh = mn. g = h, w, x.
aeo = ea.	ge = g.
b = f.	ocr ^ C£?
c = g, h.	PI ^~ P.
ce = c. ch = c, h. ci = c.	gu = geo. h = c, g. hs = sc, x.
cs - sc, x.	i = eo, g, ie, ig, ige, y.
ct = ht.	ia = eo.
d — p.	ig = i.
dd = pd.	io = eo.
ds = ts.	iu=eo, geo.
8 =• b.	iw = eow.
e = ae, ea, eg, eo, ie, y.	k = c.
ea = x, a, eo, gea, i. ei = e, eg. eo = e, ea, geo, i, ie, oe (=e).	m-mn, n. nc = c(e)n, ng. ng = g(e)n.
en = eo, eow.	o = a, og.
ew = eow.	oe = e, ae.

INFLECTIONS

(EARLY WEST-SAXON.)

Strong Feminine. PI. Norn. Dat. Gen.

la.

giefa giefum

giefena, synna

NOUNS : REGULAR.

Strong: Masculine. Neuter.

Singular Nominative l stdn scip, hus

Dative stdne scipe

Genitive stdnes scipes

Plural Nom. stdnas scipu, hus

Dat. stdnum sctpum

Gen. stdna scipa

Strong Feminine.

la. 1 b.

Sg. Nom. giefu, synn dSd

Ace. gitfe, synne dad

Dat. giefe dade

Gen. giefe dSde

1 When the Accusative (Ace.) is not given separately, it is the same as the Nom.

Ib.

iLtda dixd urn dacda

Weak :	Masc.	Neut.	Fern.
Sg. Nom.	natna	eage	sunne
Ace.	naman	eage	sunnan
Dat.	naman	eagan	sunnan
Gen.	naman	eagan	sunnan
PI. Nom.	naman	eagan	sunnan
Dat.	namum	eagum	sunnum
Gen.	naniena	eagena	sunnena

INFLECTIONS

xv

IRREGULAR. U-Nouns : Masc. Fern. Sg. Nom. sunu duru, hand Dat. suna dura, handa Gen. suna dura PI. Nom. suna dura Dat. sunum durum Gen. suna dura Mutation-Plurals : Masc. Fern. Sg. Nom. fot boc Dat. fet bee Gen. fates boce, bee PI. Nom. fet bee Dat. fot um bocum Gen. fot a boc a R-Nouns : Masc. Fern Sg. Nom. brofior sweostor Dat. briber sweostor Gen. brofior sweostor PI. Nom. brdpor, bropru sweostor Dat. brolrum sweostrum Gen. brofira sweostra Masc. ND-Nouns. Sg. Nom. freond, buend Dat. friend, buend Gen. freondes PI. Nom. friend, buend Dat. fr'eondum Gen. freonda, bitendra Masc. E-Plnrals. PI. Nom. gngle Dat. Englum Gen. gngla Indeclinable Fern. : bieldo, bieldu ADJECTIVES. Strong. Masc. Neut. Fem. Sg. Nom. sum, god sum sumu, god Ace. sumne sum sume Dat. sumum sunium sumre Gen. sumes sumes sumre Instr * sume sume (sumre} PI. Nom. sume sumu, god sume	Sg. Nom. Ace. Dat. Gen. PI. Nom. Dat. Gen. PI. Nom. Dat. Gen. PI. Nom. Dat. Gen. Sg. Nom. Ace. Dat. Gen. PI. Nom. Ace. Dat. Gen. Sg. Nom Ace. Dat. Gen. Instr. PI. Nom. Dat. Gen.	Weak. Masc. Neut. Fem. goda gode gode godan gode godan
godan godan godan godum godena, godra NUMERALS. twegen twd two
twizm tweg(r)a So also begen ' both.' frte }reo ]>reo
J>rim fireora PRONOUNS. ic ]>u he hit heo me be hine hit hie me PC him him hire mln J>ln his his hire
we ge hie us eow hie us eow him ure eower hira, heora Masc. and Fem. Neut. Sg. Nom. hwa hwcet Ace. hwone hwat
Dat. hw&m Gen. hwas Masc. Neut. Fem. Masc. Neut. Fem. se ]><zt seo J>es fits Jieos J>one fiat J>d lisne bis J>ds )>sm J>am pare fiissum J>issum fisse Jxes p<xs J>~ere pisses pisses pisse J>y J>y (P#re Pys Pys (J>i*se)
Dat. sumum Gen. sumra 1 Instrumental.
Pa Pas pSm pissum fidra pissa

XVI

INFLECTIONS

VERBS.	V. Give-group.
Strong. Weak. Indie. 'Hear.' 'Wean.' 'Love.' Pres. Sg. i binde hlere we_nige lufige	INFINITIVE. THIRD PRES. PRET. Sc. PRET. PL. Pic. PRKT. sprecan spricb sprac sprdcon sprecen giefan giefp geaf geafon giefen
2 bintst hlerst we_nest lufast 3 bint hierp wenej> lufap PI. bindab hlcrap wpiiab lufiap	VI. Shine-group. sclnan sdnj> scan scinon scinen
Pret. Sg. i band hierde wenede lufode 2 bunde hlerdest wpiedest lufodest	VII. Choose-group.
3 band hierde wenede lufode	ceosan clest ceas curon coren
PL bundon hlerdon wenedon lufodon	lucan lycp leac lucon locen
I'res. Sg. binde hlere wenige lufige	PRETERITE-PRESENT VERBS.
PI. binden hleren wpiigen liifigen
Pret. Sg. bunde hierde wpiede lufode	Indie. Subj.
PI. bunden hlerden weneden lufoden	Pres. Sg. i wdt wite
Infinitive bindan hTeran wenian lufian	2 wdst wite
Gerund (to) bindenne hierenne wtnienne lufienne	3 wdt wite
Partic.	PI. witon witen
Pres. bindende hlerende weniende lufiende	Pret. wiste. Imper. wite, ivitap. Infin. witan.
Pret. (ge bunden hlered wened lufod	Ptc. Pres. witende, Pret. witen.
	ANOMALOUS VERBS.
GROUPS OF STRONG VERBS.	Ind. Pres. Sg. i wile, nyle earn, beo do gd
I. Fall-gronp.	2 wilt, nylt eart, hist dest gast 3 wile is, bib dep gap
(a) eo-preteiites.	PI. willap, sind(on), dob gab ,j i »— i
	nyllap oeop
INFINITIVE. THIRD PRES. PRET. So. PRET. PL. PTC. PRET.	Pret. Sg. i wolde, wees dyde eode
feallan fielp feoll feollon feallen	nolde
	2 woldest ware dydest eodest
(b~) c-preterites.	3 wolde was dyde eode
hdtan halt het heton hdlen	PI. woldon waron dydon eodon
	Subj. Pres. Sg. wile ste, beo do gd
II. Shake-group.	PI. willen sien, beon don gdn Pret. Sg. wolde ware dyde eode
scacan scacp scoc scocon scacen	PI. wolden waren dyden eot/en
	Imper. Sg. wile wes, beo do gd
III. Bind-group.	PL willap wesap. dop gap
bindan bint band bundon bunden	btoft
	Infin. willan wesan, don gdn
IV. Bear-group.	beon Partic. Pres. willende wesende ddnde gangende
beran bierp beer baron boren	Pret. gedon gegdn

ANGLO-SAXON DICTIONARY.

ABBODAN

ABITAN

a av., 6 N., W. always, ever ; at all. ne . . a never ; not at all, not. a on ecnesss, a buton ende for ever and ever || of space, continuously : a op wa. all the way to . . [awa].

-bremende ever-celebrating.

-libbende everlasting.

~wunigende continual.

a-, a- occ. = &-, on-.

aaepan = alepan.

ab=6webb woof.

a-bacan 2 bake.

a'bsedan force out, extract (oil by pressure) ; force away, ward off (death) ; obtain by force, exact.

abaeligan = abielgan.

a-bfflran disclose, reveal.

abfflre = tfebfere.

abasrnan tr. burn = on-.

abal = afol.

a/bannan i summon, command — -utcall out (the militia); proclaim.

a'barian, abor-, disclose, make public [bser].

abbod m. abbot \Lt. abbatem].

~d6m »/., ~had m., ~rice n. dignity or rule of an abbot, ab- bacy.

-isse / abbess.

a'beatan i beat to pieces ; beat ; beat down, make to fall.

abecede (n.} alphabet.

a'bedecian*, abep- get by begging or asking.

a'belgan 3 w . d. or a. anger, irri- tate, offend, injure — abolgen

wesan or weorpan || wd. be angry or offended (with).

a'beodan 7 -wda. announce, state | offer iu. sbj. \ command ; sum- mon— ut ~ call out (militiaX | ap- point (festival)] — hselo ~ wd. wish good luck, greet, take leave of.

a-beowan = abiewan.

a'berjan 4 carry with effort; en- dure, suffer ; rfl. restrain oneself, (not) know what to do ; take upon oneself, put up with | take away, remove | up~ raise, lift up | reveal, make known.

-endlic endurable.

a-bered, once -rd, cunning.

a'berstan 3 intr. force one's way out ; burst out, appear, often w. ut ; escape iu. fram.

abepecian = abed-.

a'bidjan 6 remain; remain alive, be spared ; remain behind | wait, wait patiently ; u<g. wait for, await, expect ; experience.

~ung/i waiting.

a-biddan 5 wa., iv. sbj. and at (him) request, pray for | obtain (by prayer or request).

a'bleg | an bend tr. ; subdue ; con- vert

-endlic flexible.

a'bielgan*, y, abseligan make angry, offend [belgan].

a'biernan 3 burn intr.

a'bie'wan*, y, eo rub, polish ; purify ; adorn.

a'bifian, eo tremble.

[1]

a-bitan 6 bite (to death) ; devour,

eat ; wg. taste, partake of. a'biterian become bitter, a'blac |ian, -od beon become pale

or pallid.

a'blsec | an make pale, whiten. ~nesy! paleness, gloom = tfe-. ~ung f. paleness, pallor. a/bl&st with strong blast (Aflame). a-blawan T tr. blow (trumpet) ;

breathe : God him on-ableow

gast.

a'blendan blind ; delude, deceive. a'blered//^. bare, uncovered (neck)

[blere]. a'blican 6 shine (forth), appear, be

bright — ic beo ablicen deal-

babor. a-blinnjan 3 intr. cease; desist

(from) w .g . , fram. ~e(n)dnes f. cessation, interrup- tion.

a'blissian make glad, please. a'blycg | an grow pale || strike with

consternation, amaze, esp. in ptc.

-ed.

a/blys | ian blush, be ashamed, -ung /. blushing, shame, a'bolgennes f. irritation [abel-

gan].

aborian = abarian disclose. a'borgian be security for wa. ;

borrow w. set.

a'brac | ian od engraved in relief.

a'brffldan dilate, stretch out. a-braslian intr. (re) sound. a'brecan 4 break through or down

ABREDWIAN

ACALAN

ACUNNTAN

(wall); take (fortress); break (command) || intr. force one's way (into), break away (from).

a'bredwian destroy, kill.

a'bregan terrify.

a'bregdan, -edan 3 tr. move quickly, snatch, draw (sword), up- raise ; ~ of, fram remove, tnke away || intr. start up, awake.

abremende, under a.

a'breot ian 7, also wk., prt. -eat, -eot, -eotte destroy.

-nes f. extermination.

a-breopan 7, prt. pi. -upon dete- riorate ; prove untrustworthy, fail ; hit abreap, he abreap set psere Jjearfe ; perish, come to an end. ptc. -open degenerate, worthless || tr., prt. -eodde, destroy M.

abrerdan = onbryrdan.

a'brietan*, y, A. eo destroy. Cp. abreotan.

a'bropen//<r. </abreo)jan.

~nes /. degeneracy, cowardice.

a'bufan av. above vL. [ = onbu- fan].

a'bugan 7 intr. bend, be bent ; bow down ; incline | turn ^to 0rfrom , withdraw ) wd. submit (to;, do homage.

abutan = onbutan .

a'bycgan buy ; requite ; redeem | perform (oath).

a'byffan mutter.

abylg-, see sebylg-.

a'bysgjian, i occupy, trouble, en- gross (the mind) : ~od on, mid |] intr, ~ on engage in, undertake.

-ung f. occupation.

ac, &, A. ah I. cj. but ; and. II. av. interr. A. numquid — ah-ne nonne.

ac /., d., nom. pi. tec, g. ace, Id. ac oak ; -f ship of oak || m. the Runic letter a.

-beam, m. oak-tree.

-cynn n. kind of oak.

~drenc m, drink made from acoms (?).

-leaf n. oak- leaf.

-rnelo n. acorn-meal.

~mistel m. oak mistletoe.

~rind/i oak-bark.

-treow «. oak-tree.

ac-laec = ag-lac.

acan 2 ache.

a'Cfflgljian od serrated (back).

a'calan 2 become cold.

accent m. accent [Lt. accentus].

a/cealdian become cold.

a-celan tr. cool ; quiet.

acelma, see eec-.

acen = Seen.

a-cenn]an bear (child) : he wees ~ed of hire ; produce (result).

~ed born, (his) own (child).

-edlic native Gl.

-ednes, £. acgnnesy. birth.

a-ceoc|ian, -coc- tr. choke (to death) || intr. burn itself out (of fire).

-ung/! ' choking up,' ruminating.

a/ceorfan 3 cut (off head, down treeX

a'ceosan 7 choose, pick out — acoren Qode chosen in the sight of (by) God.

a'ciegan call forth, summon.

a-cif rr an tr. turn ; turn aside || intr. turn, go ; return.

-ednes y. turning away, apostasy, revolt.

aclian terrify [acol].

a'claensian purify w. fram.

a-cleofan 7 tr. split.

a clingan 3 — ptc. aclungen con- tracted.

a'clipiau, eo call forth, sum- mon.

a/cofrian intr. recover (from ill- ness1).

acol, af, -mod terrified, excited.

ge-modian terrify, dispirit.

a'Colian become cool or cold.

acolitus m. light- bearer (in church) \lLt. acolythus],

a'coren ptc. of aceosan, chosen.

-lie eligible, estimable.

a'costnian try, test.

a/crfflftan devise (plan).

a-cranimian cram.

a-creop|ian creep, crawl — wyr- mum -ed swarming with worms.

a'crimman 3 cram, stuff.

acsian = ascian.

a-ciiTTi an 4 come ; descend (from ancestor) : eal mancyn pe him of-acom || tr. endure, withstand (temptation).

-endlic endurable.

-endlicnes/. possibility Gl.

a-cumba m., -e f., SB-, acuma oakum, tow ; ashes of the same | clippings, prunings [cemban].

a-cunnian test, try, find out; ex- perience : - on me selfum.

acustan accuse IM.

a-cwacian tremble.

a-cweccan shake tr. and intr.

a-cwelan 4 die, perish.

a-cwellan kill, destroy.

a/cwencan extinguish (fire, light V

acweorna, L. acwern m. squirrel.

a/cweorran 3 — acworren sur- feited, crapulatus. Cp. mete- cweorra.

a-cw^epan 5 say : - hine fram reject.

a'Cwician, ac(w)ucian revive tr. and intr., come to life again \of the dead).

a-cwdelman kill.

a-cwinan 6 dwindle, become ex- tinct (of fire).

a'cwincan 3 be extinguished of fire, light) ; be eclipsed (of moon) ; vanish.

a'cypan make known, show, reveal ; proclaim, announce ; prove, con- firm.

ad m. heap ; funeral pile | fire, flame.

-faruty. funeral procession.

-fyrf ;/., -liegf m- pile-fire.

-lamaf m. one crippled by fire, demon.

a'dzelan separate, part.

a-deadian become dead or torpid, decay.

a-deafJian become deaf.

-ung/! becoming deaf.

adel|a m, putrid mud, filth.

-iht muddy, filthy.

-seap m. cesspool, sewer.

a-delfan 3 dig (pit, grave).

a-deman decree : - hine fram </. deprive of U try, afHict.

a-deorc|ian, -od wesan become dim or tarnished ; be eclipsed (of moon).

ades,a m., ~ef., ads- adze.

a'dledan put to death, destroy — ptc. adiedd dead.

a-diefan deafen, surpass in sound [deaf].

a'dihtan compose, write.

a-dihtian arrange, decree.

a-dil(e)gian, L. y destroy, do away with, annihilate, || erase.

a'dimm'ian, -od wesan become dim ; lose clearness of sight (of eyes).

ADL

-ffiCERSPRANCA

adl, A. aid/, disease.

~ig diseased, ill.

-pracuf/ virulence of disease.

~werigf weary with illness.

adl|ian be sick, be ill, become infirm or weak. ptc. geadlod sick (person).

-wag/, illness.

a'don vb. take away, send away || destroy || put : panon - remove, ~ of expel, deliver.

adrsdan = ondreedan.

a'drsefan drive away, expel.

a'dragan 2 draw (sword).

adreminte/ feverfew.

a'drencan drown, immerse.

a-dreog|an 7 perform, practise ; pass (life, the night) | endure, suffer | tolerate, put up with.

-endlic endurable.

a-dreopan 7 drip, drop.

a-dreosan 7 fall H be diminished,

_ fail.

a'driegan endure [dreogan].

a drifan 6 drive away or out,

drive, pursue spor follow

track ; - ford mid pllum stake ford with piles, ptc. adrifen engraved, embossed.

a-drincan 3 be drowned ; be quenched by water (o/"fire).

a'drugian, -uwian dry up intr.

a-drygan cause to dry up (well, sea) ; wipe dry.

a-dumbian become silent, dumb.

adun- = ofdun-.

adustrigan = andustrigan.

a'dwiesean extinguish (fire, light) ; destroy (enemies).

a-dwellan, -elian, prt. -ealde lead into error, seduce (from God).

a'dwinan 6 dwindle, waste away, disappear.

a-dysgjian, -od wesan become foolish.

SB, sew /.,£•. etc. §e(we) divine law; scripture, book of the Bible ; reli- gion ; rite, religious ceremony | human law — buton JB outlaw ; custom | marriage | wife | lifef once. In IW. there is a tendency to restrict the form Jew to the meaning ' marriage.'

-bebod n. commandment.

~boc/ book of the law.

~boda m. preacher.

£B breece law-breaking ; adulterous.

-breca, -y- m. adulterer.

-brucol sacrilegious.

-bryce m. adultery.

-craft m. skill in law.

-craeftig skilled in law.

-fast pious | married.

-fsestllce av. piously.

-ftesten «. legal or public fast.

-fffistnes/. piety ; religions creed, religion.

-fremmende pious.

-fyllende pious.

-gleaw learned in the law.

-Iffldend m, lawgiver (!).

-lierend m. teacher of the law.

~lagol law-giving.

-lie of the law, lawful.

-lice av. lawfully.

-riht n. code of law.

-sellend m. lawgiver.

~swice m. violation of God's law ; adultery (?).

~we-weard m. priest.

~wita m. lawyer, councillor.

-wrltere m. law-giver.

a-eargian become cowardly.

sb-bsfere, a-, -ere notorious, openly known [aberan].

a-f bbian ebb away, recede from.

aS-bls8c|e pale.

~nes, &-/. pallor.

sebs, seps [confusion w. seps = sespe aspen] (/.) fir-tree [Lt. abies].

^-byl(i)g|an, a-, -il- make angry or indignant ; offend.

-nes/. anger.

-])(u), ffibylji, abyl(i)gp f. anger ; offence, injury : Crlstes ~ offence against C., paet him to -e gedon wses that which had offended him.

sec see ac oak.

aec-laeca see ag-.

sfe-cambe,/; oakum. Cp. acumba, camb.

<fe-celm|a, ac-, M. ecilma chil- blain [acalan].

~eht with chilblains.

fficen, a- of oak [ac].

8Bcer m. (cultivated) field | acre.

-ceorl m. farmer.

~hf ge m. field-hedge.

-mann m. farmer.

~sS;d n. seed for an acre (?).

-splott m. small field (?).

[31

8Bcer|spranca see secern. -teopung/. tithe of the produce of

the soil.

-tyning/. fencing. secern, -irn, secren n. acom. -spranca*, aecer- m. ilex, oak

sapling (?) Gl. £B-cn6sl|e degenerate, not noble

Gl.

ge~iende degenerating Gl. aecumba = acumba. ^-cyrf clippings, what is cut off

[aceorfan]. £8d(d)re /., //. sedran, cedra,

A. hepir, epre vein— eedrum

hrinan, eedran hrgpian feel the

pulse ; nerve, sinew ; in pi. kid-

neys | spring (of water). ~seax, Sdderseax n. lancet. ~W6g m. artery, vein. eedre av. at once, forthwith | (know)

fully, clearlyf.

«efen(n), IN. efern m. evening. -gebed n. evening prayer or ser-

vice.

-dream m. even-song. -giefl n. supper. ~gl6m(asi m. twilight. -gramf fierce in the evening. ~lacf n. evening sacrifice. -Isecan become evening. -leohtf n. evening light. -leopf n. evening song. -lie of the evening. -lof n. lauds. -mete m. supper. -reading/, evening reading. -gereord «., -M.pl. supper. -gereordian sup. -repsung/ nightfall. -rest-r/ evening rest. -sang m. evening song. -scima m. evening light. -SCOpf m. evening bard. -spr&ct /• speech of the evening

before.

-steorra m. evening star. -tld/., -tima m. evening time. -pegnung, -pen-/ (divine) even-

ing service ; supper. -peowdom m. ^divine) evening

service.

become evening. ffifnung/ evening. aefesn, L. ~e / special pasturage

(of swine) ; charge for pasturage J

luxury, wantonness (?).

^EPTEBSONA

ffif\e)st, set, mfn. envy, malice ; zeal, rivalry [est].

-full envious.

-ian be envious.

~ig envious, jealous.

sef-gielp, -selp (/.) superstition Gl.

aef-grynde n. abyss.

&-fielle*. eefelle peeled [fell].

ffl-fiermpa*,y/". sweepings, rubbish.

SBf-lastf m. swerving (?) once.

sefnan, f, perform, do, make (ready), carry out (commands) | cause, excite (anger) | endure, suffer.

fflfre av. always : ne . . ~ never | at any time || L. indf. ever : call peet - betst wees whatever was best; -Sic each.

fflftan av., ~weard aj. from be- hind, behind.

seftemest spl. hindmost, last in time and order.

sefter, y- I. prp. -w. d. (a.) behind, after place, order, time \ extension in space and time along, through, during | pursuit, aim, object of vb. (dig a. gold, ask a.) | according to | in consequence of || - p§em, — pon afterwards. ~ peem pe cj. after. II. av. after(wards). III. ~ra, L. seft(e)ra cpv. aj. following, next, second.

-boren posthumous.

-cwepan 5 speak afterwards ; re- peat (what is said or dictated).

-ewependf mpl. posterity.

~ealo n. small beer.

~folgere m. successor.

-folgian, ~fyl(i)gan succeed ; pursue.

-fylgend m. successor.

-fylgung/ pursuit.

-gang m. succession.

-genga m. successor ; posthumous child.

-gen gel m. successor.

-gengnes/. succession, extremity.

-gield n. additional payment.

-hfflpe f. after-heat.

~hyr(i)gan imitate.

-ield(O)y. old agef ; future period.

-lean n. reward ; retribution.

-lie second Gl.

-rap, -rjepe m. crupper.

-ryne m. encountering (!).

-sang m. matins.

~singend m. succentor.

sefter sona av. IN. again ; after- wards.

-sprcec f. after-claim.

~sprecan 5 claim.

-spyrian follow ; inquire.

-weard following.

-weardnes/ posterity.

aef-panc(a) m. grudge, displeasure ; insult.

saf- weard absent.

~nes/. absence.

sef-wierdelsa,«ewy- /w.injury,loss.

sef-wigrdla in. injury, loss ; fine for injury or loss.

fflg, ffif n., pi. -ru, egg.

~er-felma m. film of an egg.

-er-geolu n. yolk of egg.

-lira m. white of egg.

-(ge)mang n. egg-mixture.

-sciell/. egg-shell.

-wyrty; dandelion.

88g-flota = Ieg-.

seg-lfflca &c., see ag-.

eegen = agen.

ieg-hwa no. each one, every one ; any one || n: -hweet everything ; something or other, anything. -hwaes av. in every way, entirely.

fflg-hwar, -ar, Sgwern av. every- where, in every direction ; any- where | in every respect, in every way.

fflg-(hwse)per no., aj. each (of two or more), both : heora JEg(hwse)per ; on Sgpere healfe on both sides. Sgper . . and, fegper . . ge . . (ge) cj. both . . and . . (and).

fflg-hwanon^e) av. from all sides ; on all sides, everywhere.

ffig-hwelc, i, y no., aj. each (one), every (one) ; who-, what-soever. ~ anra no. wg. each. ~es av. in every way.

iBg-hwider av. in every direction ; everywhere.

sfe-gift n. repayment.

cb-gilde, y without compensation, unatoned for (<7/"man killed).

eegnan//. chaff.

fflgper = fflghwseper.

fflgwern = eeghwaer.

sb-gylt m. trespass, offence.

sfe-gype worthless, nugatory.

aehher = ear ear of corn.

ffi-hiw n., -nes /. want of colour, paleness.

a5-hiwe pallid.

ffl-hliep m. violence, breach of

peace LL. Cp. sethliep. oehtf hostility, strife. aeh.te_/! pursuit, persecution, aeht -= eaht. ffiht f. gen. pi. power, possession ;

property.

-boren born in serfdom. ~eland n. territory. -emann m. serf, farmer, -eswan m. unfree herdsman, -spedig wealthy. -gesteald n. possession, -gestreon n. possessions, riches, -geweald n. power, possession, -wela m. wealth. -welig wealthy.

geiehtan*, prt. -ehte once subdue. geaahtle f f. esteem (?) [eahtian]. eel m. eel. ~fisc m. eel.

-hyde eel-receptacle (?). ~np.tt n. eel-net, -eputa m. eel-pout, burbot. Si = awel awl.

8Bl- ' all-' interchanges with eall-. 8Bl- = fl-. £el an, sef, burn, bum up; kindle,

light (lamp). -ing/1 burning ; ardour. ffi-leete I. f. divorced woman.

II. n. desert place [alsetanj. SBl-beorhtt» eall- all-bright, very

bright. sale no., aj. each, every, all ; any,

esp. after buton : on anum

bate buton jilcum gereprum.

- . . oper the one . . the other, eel-cealdf very cold, ffll-crseftigf all-powerful. felc;w)uht n. everything [ellc _ wiht].

Mledf, g. ieldes, m. fire, firebrand, -leoma m. gleam of fire, firebrand. ffi-lengje tedious, tiresome [lang]. -nes/". tediotisness. aslf m.,pl. iflfe fairy, elf, incubus, -adl/. nightmare, -cynn n. race of elves. -scienef elf-sheen, beautiful as a

fairy.

-siden(n)/. nightmare. -sogopa m. hiccup. -pone [o = a or 6 ?] f. nightshade

fplantX

, cal-felo clirc (poison).

aal-faruf/. host.

selfen = ielfen fairy.

el-frem(e)de, el- foreign ; free (from).

ffll-fylcet «. foreign (hostile) army; foreign land.

ffll-grenef, eall- all-green.

aelly fta = endlyfta.

aBlmes|se, Z. -ysse f. alms [Z/. eleemosyna].

-baep w. gratuitous bath.

-deed/", almsdeed.

-gedal n. distribution of alms.

-feoh n. alms.

-full charitable.

-georn charitable.

-giefa m. giver of alms.

-giefuy almsgiving.

-hlaf m. dole of bread.

-land «. land granted in frank- almoigne.

-leoht «. candle or light given to church by layman.

-lie, once -estlic charitable.

-lice av. charitably.

-mann m. beggar.

-pening m. alms-penny.

~riht ». right of receiving alms.

-Selena, -sylena^/. almsgiving.

-weore n. almsgiving.

ael-middey. exact middle.

ael-mierca*, yf m. Ethiopian.

sel-mihtig, sell-, eal(l)-, al(l)-, -e(a)htig, -ahtig, -aehtig al- mighty (only of God).

-nesy. omnipotence.

ffllpig = an-liepig.

aelren of alder [alor].

ael-taewe, -teowe, -towe, perfect ; in sound health ; excellent, good ; true ; famous.

sfe-meljle insipid.

-nesy. tedium, weariness, sloth.

&-men(ne) depopulated, desert [mann] .

emerge, timyTiey embers, ashes.

£emet]te, ~e/. ant.

-hyll m. ant-hill.

£Bmet|te, »m(e)te, vE. emote f., eemta m. leisure, want of occupa- tion [mot, gemot].

-hwliy. leisure (time).

-tig, &m(e)tig at leisure, free from (occupation) w. g. or fram; de- prived of, without ; empty.

ffimettigian, »m(e)t(ig)ian, -gan be at leisure abs., rft. w. g. or fram

and to keep oneself free : hu hie hie ge~ scoldon operra weorca ; Smtigap eow to rSdinge !

se-rcod out of heart, dismayed.

SBmte = aemette.

te-mynde*, -i- «. forgetfulness.

Jen- = an-.

fiene, ane av. once in time • repeti- tion one time, once (in multiplica- tion) : ~ seofon beop seofon || ~sif>a once.

aenet = an-.

senetre = enitre, an-wintre.

senig, -iht no., aj. any(one) — • -e Jringa av. somehow, anyhow.

aeniht = awiht.

ranjlic single, only (son^i ; unique, incomparable, excellent ; beauti- ful ; of high rank.

-lice av. splendidly.

aenne, see an.

ae-note useless.

aeppel, a-,//. -p(p)la(s), m. apple, fruit ; ball ; eye-ball.

-bafere apple-bearing.

-bearo ;//. orchard.

-cyrnel n. pip ; pomegranate (!).

~f89t n. apple-vessel Gl.

-fealo reddish yellow.

-hus «. apple-storehouse.

-leaf n. violet.

-scala^/. core of apple.

-screada^/. apple-parings.

-treow n. apple-tree.

-tun m. orchard.

-porn m. crab-apple.

-win n. cider.

asppledef ball-shaped, embossed.

aeps = sesp.

asps = aebs fir-tree.

ffir = ar brass.

ser aj. only in cpv. and spl. «rra, «rest, which see, and in (on) Srne-morgen (see under «er- morgen).

aer av. formerly; previously, before; already — Sr oppe aefter sooner or later ; fir and sip always ; ne jer ne sippan never ; swa -we £r (above) cwsedon; on ilr before- hand, previously ; to make prt. into pluperfect : »r brohte had brought. || ier, IN. ar soon : to sir too soon ; swa eer swa as soon as w. indc. ; sreles bidep hwonne Sr heo . . cy pan mote how soon, when.

[5]

aar or av. cpv. formerly ; previously, beforehand.

-est, £est, IN. arest av. spl. first (in time or order), for the first time, at first.

aer cj. before w. sbj., occ. w. indc. : cwsedon pset Crist neere Sr he acenned wses of Marian ; corrcl. ier, a-rest (avs.) . . KT (cj.} : hino hsefde Sr OfFa afllemed . . KT he cyning wSre ; pu meaht selcne unpeaw on p§em menn terest be sumum tacnum ongi- etaii . . ter he hit mid wordum cype.

aer prp. wd. before (in time). - psem (or pam"i , pon (or pan) av. before that (time), formerly ; cj. iv. sbj. before. - peem pe &c. cj. w. sbj. before.

-adlfy! early disease.

-set in. feasting early.

-borenf first-born.

-cwidef m. prophecy.

-dafedy". former deed.

-daBg m. early part of day ; //. former days, ancient times.

-dea.pt m. early death.

-gedon done before.

-faedert m. forefather.

-godt good of old (?).

-ieldoyi former age.

-lice av. early.

-(ne)morgen, -me-, -ma- early morning \cp. ter aj.'].

~(ne)morgenlic matutinal.

-genfmned, -gesaed above-men- tioned.

-sceaftt/ piece of antiquity.

-gestreont n. ancient treasure.

-wacol early awake.

-welat m. ancient wealth.

-geweorct n. ancient work (sword) .

-gewinnt n. former war or trouble.

-woruldty primeval world.

-gewyrht-f n. former deserts.

sera m. scraper, strigil [ar].

BBrce, a-, f- m. archiepiscopal pallium [Z/1. archi-].

-biscop m. archbishop.

-biscop-dom m. -rice n. arch- bishopric.

-biscop-stol m. archiepiscopal see.

-diacon, archi- m. archdeacon.

-had m. episcopal dignity.

-rice «., -stol m. archbishopric.

aaren of brass [ar].

iurend|e n. errand, message, tidings.

-toc/l written message, letter.

-ffflst bound on errand.

~gast m. angel.

~(d)raca, -wraca, -wre(o)ca »i. messenger, ambassador, (angel, apostle).

~scip n. ship, boat Gl.

~Sf eg m. messenger.

-sprsbcf. message.

~wreca, see -raca.

-gewrit M. letter.

fflrend.|ian,^<;M. ge~, carry message, go on errands : ~ him pset under- take that commission for him ; negotiate, enter into treaty for : - his hlaforde wlfes ; intercede, use one's influence with: ~t6Gode ymb . . ; ~ him pset he forgeafe . .

~ung/i errand ; commission, man- date.

terendra m. messenger; represen- tative, proxy.

aerig-, see earh arrow.

earing/, dawn [ser].

sferist, -est f., m. resurrection ; origin ; pedigree [arisan].

earn n. house [an older form rsen- appears in composition : see mete- and next word I .

-pegn*, vE. rendegn m. house- officer.

sern|an ride (fast\ gallop; ride rnce {causative pieman].

-eweg m. road fit to ride on ; race- course.

-ing/, riding, racing.

gcsernan intr. gallop, ride || tr. reach by riding, gallop up to.

seror see arra.

Jerra of. cpv. former, earlier, old (times, wars), eiror av. before, formerly || spl. ffirest first (in time) : set ~au in the first place (in enumerating).

&S n. carrion, food.

89SC m. a^h-tree; spearf; boat, Scandinavian war-ship ; the Runic letter x.

-berendf, -boraf m. spear-bearer, warrior.

-berende spear-bearing.

-hgrefw. ship band, (Danish)army.

-holtf n. spear.

~mann m. ^Danish) pirate.

-plegaf m. spear-play, battle.

aesc rind/ ash-bark.

-roff warlike, illustrious.

-st^def m. battle-place.

-tir (• m. glory in war.

-pracuf/ spear- violence, battle.

-prote, -u/ vervain (?).

-wigaf m. warrior.

~wlancf warlike.

-wyrt/. vervain (?).

aesc = aex axe.

aescje — asce ashes.

-fealu ashy-coloured.

-graeg ashy gray.

SBSCJe/.inquiry, questioning; search, investigation [ascian].

-an demand (legally).

se-sceare, a-, -«re unshorn, with untrimmed hair [scieran].

sfe-sceda fpl. (?) refuse (?) Gl. [as- cadan].

aescen I. f., (m.} wooden vessel, bucket, cup. II. aj. of ash.

8^-smogu npl. slough, cast-off skin (of snake) [asmugan].

83sp e, L. seps/. aspen, white poplar.

~en of aspen.

-rind/", bark of aspen.

sfe-sprynge, L. -inge source (of running water) ; starting-point, origin; spring (of water), fountain [aspringan].

jest = serest.

sestel m. book-mark [ILt. (h)as- tula].

ffe-swic (n.} scandalum, stumbling- block, offence ; sedition ; deceit, seduction ; crime.

sVswic ian scandalizare, become an offence ; offend ; betray ; be- come an apostate.

~end m. offender; hypocrite; traitor.

~ung f. offence, stumbling-block ; deceit ; sedition.

jfe-swica m. offender ; deceiver ; hypocrite; traitor, deserter.

sfe-swicce apostate, rebellious.

sb-swind inert [aswindan].

8Bt, rare A. Q\,,prp. wd. at of time — pa set nextan thereupon, then || of place — pleon. : in peere stowe pe is genemned set Searobyrj;, is called Salisbury | motion to || source, origin : geleornian eet deprivation, from : animan set specification : . onfeng hine set fulwihte | equivalence, price : agefe per-set . . | instrument :

[6]

wearp acweald set hia witena

handum.

Sbt m. food ; eating [etan]. ~giefaf m. feeder. -^velaf vi. abundance of food, a/etan 5 eat up, devour. aet'beran 4 carry, carry off; bring,

show, aet'berstan 3 break away, escape,

w. d. or panon. 8Bt-bregd;an, -edan 3 take away,

deprive, release wda. : he setbreed

hine (rft.^) lustum. -endlic ablative (case). SBt-clifian adhere. aBt'cllpan once adhere, set'deman refuse. set-don vb. take away, deprive wda. eat-ealdod too old (for) ivg. 83t-eglan molest. fflt'iSBstan. wda. inflict ; impart,

endow with ; wad. join (in mar- riage), commit, entrust, set-feallan I fall out (of chariot) ;

fall away, deteriorate ; be deducted

(from sum paid). set-fele (w.) ac hesion. fflt-fgng m. taking possession of,

reclaiming (cattle). fflt-feohtan \ 3 : ~ folmum grope. 83t'feolan,/r/. -fealh 3 wd. adhere;

apply oneself to, continue in. fflt'ierian carry away wda. aet-fleon 7 escape. SBt-flowan I be abundant (!). ast'foran I. prp. wd. before, in the

presence of. II. av. beforehand

(time). 8Bt-g8ed(e)re av. together; at the

same time fgadrianj. fflt-giere, -are n., -gar m. javelin. fflt'giefan 5 give wda. ffit-griepet seizing, aggressive, oet'habban vb. retain, withhold. eBt-hgbban 2 take away, withhold

— rfl. separate oneself from, exalt

oneself above w. fram. eel hindan frp. wd., av. behind,

after.

eet'hleapan i we?, run away, escape, aet-hliep m. assault. eet-hrinan 6 touch w.g., a. eet-hrine m. touch. 8Bt-hwa no. every one, each. fflt-hwegvU), -a av. somewhat,

a little ; how. SBt/hweorfan 3 (re) turn, go.

^BTWEAXAN

aet-hwon av. almost, aetiecjan, M. ot- add to, increase, -nes/. increase, aat-iernan 3 run away. fflt-iew|an ; -eowan occ. W. ; -eo-

wian IW. often ; -eawan A. ;

oteawan eM. ; at- tr. show,

display, reveal ; rfl. appear || intr.

appear.

~(ed)nes/. appearance; manifesta- tion, revelation. ~ung f. showing, manifestation,

Epiphany.

set'lsedan lead away, take away. ffitlic eatable Gl. &- or e- (?). aBt-licgan 5 lie useless. aet-limpan 3 wd. disappear, escape

(from) ; become an apostate (from

God).

aet-lutian lie hid ; wd. hide from, aatnes edibility (?) Gl. Cp. setlic. SBt-niman4takeaway, deprive wda. aet'rgccan wda. declare forfeited. gea9t(t)red, -od poisoned, poison- ous. fflt(t)ren, §et(t)em poisonous,

poisoned.

-modf venomous in mind. £ettr|an, ~ian poison, ietrig poisonous. fflt-rihte, y, e I. aj. near (in place

and time). II. av. nearly, almost, set-sacan 2 w. g., a. deny. aBt'samne av. together. aet-scufan 7 push away. ffit-sittan 5 stay, wait, aet-slidan 6 slip, glide. fflt'Sporn an, u 3 stumble, knock

against tr.,intr., rft. w. eet | rebel. -\\3\gf. stumbling, misfortune, ast'springan 3 spring out, flow out. 33t-sprung(en)nes/ failing [set-

springan]. 83t-stand]an 2 stand (still) ; be

present ; cease — -ptc. ~en stopped

(of urine, veins). set-standende standing by. aet-steallf m. place (?) ; help (?). aet-stillan tr. still, calm, aet-swerian 2 deny with oath. flBt'SWigan become silent ; keep

silence about, not speak of w. be. fflt'swimman 3 swim away, escape

by swimming.

aet-swingan 3 wda. deprive. aettren = a&tren. aet-pringan 3 force out, deprive wda.

eet'weaxan i intr. increase.

aat'wegan 5 take away, carry off.

£et'W§nian wda. wean from (evil).

aet-wesende at hand.

eBt'windan 3 wd. escape ; fly away.

8Bt- wist/! presence ; (?) sustincnce, food [through confusion with edwist].

aat'witan 6 wda. reproach with.

aat'wrgncan wda. deprive by fraud.

iEpian intr. breathe || tr. breathe, blow, inspire.

ge«Bj>ed sworn (witness) [aj>].

gt-aepelian ennoble, make re- nowned.

33j>el|e noble (by birth or char- acter) ; vigorous (plants) ; good (in character) ; valuable, of high price; pleasant (^/"odours).

-boren of noble birth ; frceborn.

-borennes/! nobility of birth.

~eund of noble origin.

-cundnes/". nobility of origin.

-cyning m. king (Christ).

-dugup/. retinue.

-ferping-wyrt, -fyrding- / a plant.

~nes_/i nobility.

-stgnc m. sweet odour.

-tungol n. noble star.

geffipele wd. inborn, natural (to), suitable.

SBpeling king's son, heir apparent ; nobleman ; fhero, man.

sepel(l)ic noble, excellent.

aepellice av. nobly, excellently.

aepelu f. origin, lineage gen. pi. ; nobility, excellence ; produce, growth (of the earth).

£fe j>m m. breathing, breath ; vapour ; blast (of fire \

~ian give out vapour.

s^-prlet*, -y troublesome, tedious [apreotan].

~nes/. tedium.

se-prot n. disgust, weariness [apreotan].

-sum*, a- irksome.

aew = 83 law.

aawan contemn, scorn.

ak-w&de without clothes.

sawda, ~mann m. witness.

Jew(e) lawful (wife) ; (brother) of the same marriage [re],

Swen related by man iage, (brother) of the same marriage [§§].

[7]

te-v^ene hopeless, uncertain, doubt- ful.

m. source (of river),

spring, fountain : origin [aweal-

lan].

aewierdelsa = &f-. aewis-firina, e^a) IM. notorious

sinner, publicanus. Cp. sewisc-. Swisc, -e I. n. disgrace, offence,

scandalum. II. aj. disgraced,

abashed ; indecent. -berende shameful. -firenend*, a- m. public sinner Gl. ~lic shameful. -mod abashed. ~nes f. disgrace, sense of shame ;

shamelessness — (?) on -se in pro-

patulo, publicly ; reverence. a9wn|ian marry [§§]. ~ung/^ wedlock. fflwum-boren legitimate (child)

[*]. Jewving— on ~e openly Gl. Cp.

eawnnga. efe-wyrp throwing-away, rejection ;

what is rejected [aweorpan]. asx, secus, acus, seces, aesc, eax f.

axe.

a-fsegan draw, depict [fag]. a'faegrian make beautiiul ; em-

broider. confusion w. afaegan (?). a-faeman foam out, breathe out. a-f&ran terrify. a-fsestan fast, perform (fast). a-faest-la interj. a-faBst(e)nian make firm, confirm ;

fix (eyes on) ; build ; write ; affix,

add (in writing1).

a'fand ian test, try ; experience. ~igendlic, -odlic capable of being

tested, probabilis. -ting/ trial. a-faran 2 go out, depart. a-feallan i fall down ; fall (in

battle) ; fall off, decline, decay. a'fedan nourish, feed ; maintain,

support ; rear, bring up ; bring

forth, produce.

a-feohtan 3 attack,assail ; pluck out. a-feorm|ian clean(se), remove

(pimples), purge (stomach) ;

purify (spiritually). -ung/. clean(s)ing, purging. afeorran = afierran. a-feorsian, -ie, y remove, expel ;

depart. a-ferian carry away, remove.

AFERSCIAN

AGE3ST

AORISAN

a-ferscian become fresh (of water).

a-fifllan fell (tree) ; kill ; subvert, abolish.

a-fierran, eo remove, deprive w. d. or fram.

a-figen fried once Gl.

afindan = onfindan.

a flean 2 strip off (piece of skin).

a fleon 7 flee ; escape.

a-fleogan 7 fly — bij? aflogen to is addicted to.

a-fliegan put to flight ; expel (fever, devils).

a-flieman put to flight ; expel ; banish.

a-flowan i flow.

afogian = awogian.

afolf, once abal n. strength, might.

afon = onfon.

afor, a, harsh (to taste) ; fnerce, vehement.

afora = eafora.

a-forhtian be afraid.

a-frefr(i)an comfort, console.

a'fr§md|an, A. -gmj>an alienate.

~ung/. alienation.

a'freopan 7 froth.

a-fulian become foul or impure, decay.

a-fylan foul ; defile.

a-fyllan w. a. and g. or i. fill ; satisfy (desires) ; complete.

a'fyran deprive •wai. \ castrate.

a-fyrhtan— ptc. afyrht afraid.

a'fysan make to hasten, drive on or away; incite, impel (mind).

ag-lac, <§g-, -iic I.f «. misery, tor- ment. II. aj. sagacious (?).

-crseft m. evil art.

-had m. misery.

-wif n. wretched, monstrous wo- man.

ag-lJBcaf, ah-, seg- m. wretch, monster ; warrior, hero.

a-gan vi>. come forth, appear ; pass (of time) ; happen; grow.

a/gael an hinder, frustrate ; neglect — ptc. ~ed neglectful, remiss | en- gross, occupy : call J»aet folc wearp mid him anum agseled (in trying to capture him).

a-gaelwan astonish, alarm.

a-galan 2 tr. sound ; sing.

a-galjian— ptc. ~od remiss, neglect- ful.

a-ganian yawn.

agen, occ. eW. SB- I. own. II. n. (own) property; own country [ah].

-nama m. proper name (in gram- mar).

-nes/. possession, property.

-slaga m. suicide.

-sprsec/. idiom.

agen = ongean.

agend m. possessor; the Lord [ah].

-frea, agenf-, -freo, -frig(e)a, -frig, d. &>c. -frean, -freo, m.,f. owner, master, mistress.

-lice av. as one's own, imperiously ; accurately, properly.

a'geolwian become yellow.

a/geornerian mourn, grieve.

a-geotan 7 pour out, shed (blood) ; melt, found (metal images) ; de- stroy ; deprive -wg. || intr. flow out.

a-giefan 5 -wda. give, render, give up ; restore, repay.

a'gieldan 3 pay, requite, render ^account, retribution), repay, offer (sacrifice) ; make possible, allow — pa me seel ageald, when I had an opportunity.

a-gielpan 3 exult in wd.

a glemeleasian neglect.

a-giet|an 5, also -wk. ptc. ~ed, de- stroy.

a-gieta m. waster, prodigal.

agift = ragift.

a'gimnaed gemmed, set with jewels.

aginnan = onginnan.

agita -- agieta.

a-gleddian moisten.

a-glidan 6 glide, slip, stumble.

agnjian possess; claim (posses- sion) ; take possession, appro- priate, adopt; hand over.

-iend m. possessor.

-iendlic, ge- possessive (in gram- mar).

-ungy. possession ; claim.

agnettan appropriate [agen].

a-gnldan 6 rub (off)— ptc. agniden threadbare.

a-gniden(n)/. rubbing once Gl.

a gotennes/. shedding (of blood) [ageotan].

a grafjan 2 engrave, inscribe, sculp- ture.

-enlic sculptured, graven.

a'grapian grasp.

[8]

a-grisan, y shudder, fear: -for

helle.

a-growan i : ptc. ~en mid over- grown, covered with. a-gryndan descend [grund]. agrysan = agrlaan. agu/. magpie. a'gyltan be guilty, incur guilt,

trespass w. wij>. ah = ac. ah vb.,prt. ahte, inf. agan possess,

have, get possession of ; ought :

nab. he ptst to donne. a-habban restrain ; rfl. abstain w.

fram.

a-haccian pick out. a-hafen, SB ptc. ^/"ahfbban. -nes f. elevation, rising (of the

sea) ; pride, a-hatian become hot. a-heardian become hard, firm ;

become liardy, inured ; be insisted

upon, be maintained, a-heawan I cut, excavate, cut down

(tree), cut wood into planks. a-hfbban 2 lift up, raise ; extol,

praise ; exalt (thoughts), rfl.

be presumptuous ; ptc. ahafen

leavened, raised (0/bread). ahebbian = aebbian. a/hefigian make heavy, weigh

down ; make sad. a-helpan 3 wg. help. a'heolorian weigh, consider, a heoran or a-heordanf once

rescue (?).

a-h^rian (fully) praise. a'hieldan*, e, y, i bend, incline ;

lay down, rest || turn away, avert

[heald. Cp. onhigldan]. a'higltan*, y make lame, trip up,

supplantare. a-hienan humble. a-hif rd|an tr. harden ; encourage,

strengthen. ~ing/ hardening. a-hladan 2 draw (water) ; deliver, a/hleenan rfl. exalt oneself, a hlfiBQsian become lean ; make

lean, macerare. a-hleapan i leap up. a-hlefan*, oe pull out IN. a-hlighhan 2 laugh ; exult ; laugh

at, ridicule wg. a-hlocian pull out, dig out. ft'hlowan i resound. a-hluttrian make clear, purify.

AHLYTTRATST

AIDLIAN

ALIESEND

a-hlyttran = a-hiuttrian. ahnian = agnian. a-hneopant 7 prt. -eap*, -eop

pluck. a'hnescian become soft, weak ;

become effeminate II tr. weaken. a-hnlgan 6 intr. bow, fall, a-hogian think out, devise, a holian hollow ; engrave, emboss

| pull out.

a-hon i b tr. hang ; kill by hang- ing; crucify. a-hopian hope, a-hreddjan save : he hi set

hungre ahredde | rescue, re- capture.

-"ing/ deliverance, salvation, a'hreofjian become leprous — ptc.

~od leprous.

a-hreosan 7 fall ; rush, ahreran = onhreran stir. ahrinan = onhrinan. a-hrisian, y shake ; shake off. ahsian -- ascian. aht = awiht anything, -lice av. worthily, bravely, ahte prt. of ah. a-hwa no. any one. a'hwfflnjan vex, tease, grieve —

ptc. -ed afflicted, sad. a-hwEer, -ar, awer, 6wer(n) av.

anywhere ; in any way ; ever. ahwfflrgen = ahwergen. a-h.W89t no. anything. a-hW8Bper, aivw)per, apor I. no.

either (of two); anything (?).

II. av. awper, oppe . . oppe

either . . or. Cp. opsr. a-hwanon, IN. owana av. from

anywhere ; on any bide. a-hweorfan 3 intr. and tr. turn

away, remove, avert. a-hwergen, -ae- av. anywhere, a'hwettan excite, incite ; provide ;

repudiate, renounce. a-hwider av. in any direction,

from any source. a'hwielfan cover (with vault),

overwhelm, up- pull up, loosen

[hwealf].

a'hwierfan tr. turn away. a-hwonne, -senne av. at any

time.

a-hycgan think ont, devise. a-hydan hide ; rfl. w. wij). a hyrian hire, a hypan plunder, destroy.

a Icilian be free w. fram | make

useless, annul, frustrate (plans) ;

profane ; get rid of (disease"1, a-iernan 3 run, flow ; pass, expire

(of time).

a-iepanf lay waste, destroy, al- lire [filed, eelan ]. -ffflt n. cooking vessel. -geweorc n. fire-making, tindfr Gl. al = awel awl. a ladian excuse, justify. a-laaccan catch, a'laadan lead away, take away ;

lead: eft- bring back; bring

forth, cause to grow. a-lsbnan lend. a-lfflran teach. a-l«bt|an i b send forth, shed (tears) ;

let, permit ; let go, give up ; let

alone, leave : J>a pset fyr hie

alet ; remit, pardon ; deliver, -nes/. loss. alan 2 fnourish, produce; appear (!)

IN.

a-lapian become distasteful. albe/. alb [Lt. alba]. aldot = *ealdop. a'lfCgjan lay down, put down ;

place, put | desist from, remit

(tribute), give up : -ende word

deponent verb | conquer, put

down, refute ; diminish, withhold |

inflict.

-endlic deponent (verb). a-lef|an, -ian, -wan injure, maim,

weaktn— ptc. ~ed ill [lefj. aleon = onleon lend. a-leodan 7 grow. a'leogan 7 tell lies w.d. of person ;

deny wda. ; belie, not keep (vow). a-lesan 5 pick out, gather, alet = eeled fire, ale wan = alefan. alewre = aluvre. a-libban, aleof-, alif- live, pass

(life) ; survive (injury). a-liegan 5 w.d. offers, fail, cease,

perish, a-liefjan wda., w. d. and sbj. allow ;

give up, surrender (fortress). -ed lawful, allowable. -edlic allowable. -edlice av. allowably. -ednes_/! permission, a lies an loosen, take off (helmet) ;

release ; ransom, redeem. ~fed)nes/. redemption.

[9]

a-lies end /«. releaser ; Redeemer.

-endlic bond-loosening, liberating (ri\ne or charm).

-ingf. redemption.

a-liepran*, e tr. lather, rub with soap [leapor].

alihtan lighten, alleviate, relieve, help ; take away or off; alight.

a'limpan 3 happen.

a-linnan, -linian pull out ; de- liver, set free.

a'lipian, eo dismember ; loosen, separate (soul from body).

a-liprian loosen, remove.

a loccian entice out.

alor, -er, air »z. alder.

-drenc /w. alder drink.

-holt m. alder wood.

-rind/ alder bark.

alter, altare m. altar [Z/. altare].

alucan 7 pull up, pull away, separate.

a-lutan 7 intr. bend, bow— ptc. aloten bowed down, humble.

aluwe, aUe)we_/~. aloes (a spice) [Lt. aloe].

am IN. = eom am.

am, uma+ reed (of loom).

a'maellad [se = if ?] M. made empty or useless. Cp. remelle.

a-makran make famous, proclaim.

a'inaestan fatten (pig").

aman = onman vb.

a*manian demand, exact.

amang, see gemang.

a luansumjian excommunicate.

~MTtgf. excommunication.

a-marod confused, confounded.

a-masod confused, confounded.

a'mawan i mow down.

amb = am.

amber mf. jar, pitcher, bucket ; a measure (dry and liquid) [Z/. amphora] .

ambiht, -eht, (o)e- I. n. office, service ; commission, command, message. II. m. officer, atten- dant, servant, messenger.

-hiera-t* m. obedient servant.

-hus «. office.

-ian*, e- serve IN.

-mann m. official, attendant.

-mecgf, ae m. servant.

-scealcf m. official, servant.

-secgf m. official, messenger.

-smip m. official smith, carpenter, &c.

AMBIHTSUMWES

AN-BOREN

AN-B^EDLICE

ambihtjsumnes*, §-/. service IN.

-pegnf m. attendant, servant.

ambyre favourable (wind) [and-, byre].

a mearcian mark out , define (limits of) ; delineate, draw ; destine, appoint.

amel m. vessel for holy water \lLt. araula].

a-meldian betray, reveal.

a meltan 3 intr. melt— ptc. amol- ten melted (metal).

a-merian, y purify (esp. melted metals) ; test, examine.

a'ruet|an 5 measure ; assign, be- stow; plan, form, make.

~endli.ce av. compendiously (!) Gl.

a metan paint ; adorn.

a-metsian provide with food, pro- vision.

amidlod = unmidlod.

a-mieltan*, y tr. melt.

a'lnierran hinder, wag. hinder one in (from) . . ; disable, injure, cor- rupt, destroy.

a-molnsnian decay, become weak (<?/eyes).

amore, vE. emer, omer a bird Gl.

ampella m. bottle [Z/. ampulla].

ampre/^ dock (plant), sorrel.

a-rnundian protect.

a-myrgan cheer.

a-myrpran murder.

an, an- = on, on-.

an I. a.m. anne, tinne, no., aj. one (always strong : past an) w . g. or of. an and an, an sefter anum one by one, one after the other. an . . oper the first . . the second | same : on anum geare forp- ferdon I only, alone : buton him anum | a certain (one), a | any : buton synne anre II pset an av. only : na pset an (paet w. indc^) . . ac not only . . but. for an av. only, on an av. continually ; always, continuously; immedi- ately ; together ; (tell him) once for all. anes hwset a portion, only a part (of the whole) ; gewearp him anes they made an agreement. anum av. alone, solely; to anum gecierdon joined together, anra gehwelc each. II. av. only.

-bieme made of one trunk.

anjboren only (child).

-buandf m. anchorite.

-canned only (child).

-Gummum av. one by one IN.

-cyningt m. unique king.

-dsege lasting one day.

-daga m. appointed day, term.

-dagian appoint day or term w. d. and of; adjourn.

-eage(de) one-eyed.

-ecge one- edged.

~feald(lic) simple, single ; singular (number) ; unique, superior ; honest, modest.

-fealdlice av. simply.

-fealdnes/. concord ; simplicity.

-fete one-footed.

-flogaf m. solitary flyer.

-forlsbtan i b relinquish, forsake, lose.

-forlsktnes/. desertion.

-gengaf m. solitary ; also aj.

~gield(e) «. single (fixed (?), cp.

andaga) compensation gielde

av. with such a compensation ; fixed price.

-haga m. recluse.

-hende one-handed.

-hoga m. = -haga.

~horn(a) m. unicorn.

-hygdig, -hydig steadfast, stub- born, self-willed.

-hyrne one-horned ; m. unicorn.

~hyrned(e) one-horned.

-lege one-eyed.

-Ifflcan unite.

-lafetan i b relinquish.

-legere with one husband.

-liepe, -lape, -liepig, Slpig iso- lated, single ; unattached, without ties, private.

-liepnes/. loneliness.

-lie only, solitary, unique \cp. eenlio].

-naede n. unanimity.

-mod unanimous; resolute, brave, fierce; obstinate.

-modlice av. unanimously ; reso- lutely.

~m6dnes_/". unanimity ; constancy.

-nes f. oneness, unity; agreement ; solitude.

-pfflp m. one-by-one path, narrow path.

~rabd(e) unanimous ; resolute, of firm character.

-raedlie unanimous ; resolute.

[10]

an jriedllce av. unanimously ; reso- lutely.

-rsednes f. unanimity, agreement ; constancy.

-seld n. hermitage.

-setl n. hermitage.

-setla m. hermit.

-spilde unique (medicine).

-spruce speaking together.

-standende standing alone.

-stapa m. lonely wanderer.

-stelede with one stalk.

-stlg/=~p8Bp.

-striec pertinacious.

-streces av. continuously [strec- can].

-sum whole.

-sumnes/I virginity.

-sunu m. only, unique son.

-swege harmonious.

-tldf/. fixed time (?).

-getrumf «. unique, noble host.

-wedd n. security, pledge.

-Wig «. single combat.

-wiglice av. in single combat.

-wille I. obstinate. II. av. obsti- nately.

-willlce av. obstinately.

~wil(l)nesyi obstinacy.

-wintre, Snetre, enetere of one year, one year old.

-wlte n. simple fine.

-wuniende solitary.

-wunung/ solitary abode.

geaned united Ed.

anung oncef. zeal IN.

ana -wk. mf. solitary, alone ; only : God -wat.

ana-wyrm [a- ?] m. intestinal worm.

anad-, -sed- n. desert.

anan-beam m. spindle-tree.

an-bid, if (».) expectation, sus- pense ; interval.

-stow/, place of waiting.

an(d)-bid ian, ge- w.g., a. expect, wait for || intr. ge- wait.

-ung/. expectation.

an-bringelle/. instigation.

anbroce-f once f. timber, wood.

an-brucol rugged.

ancleow/i ankle.

ancor, -er, ancra m. anchor [Lt. ancora].

-bfnd, -rap, -strong m. cable.

-mann m. anchor-man, proreta.

-setl n. prow.

ATTCRA

AlSTD-GEIiOMAN

ANGE

ancra, ancer, -or m. hermit [/./. anachoreta].

ancerjlic, ancor- of a hermit.

-lif n. hermit's life.

~setl n. hermitage.

-stowy hermitage.

and, eA. §nd cj. and. gelice and •w. sbj. as if.

and- occ. = on- (an-), rarely = a-.

andja envy, malice ; anger, grudge. vexation ; indignation, zeal ; in- jury, hostility.

-ian envy ; be zealous.

~ig envious, jealous.

and-bita tasting or feast (?) once Gl.

an(d)-byrd[an strive, w. ongean, on resist.

-nesy. resistance.

and-cwissy answer.

and-eages*, -ssgesf once az>. face to face.

andefn, anddyfen f. proportion, amount [gedafenian].

andetla m. confession.

andett|an, andhet(t)an confess, give praise wda, [and, hatan].

-a, -end, -ere m. confessor, praiser.

-ing, -nes/i confession.

and-feax bald.

and-ffnga m. taker up, defender, susceptor [fon].

and-feng|e acceptable, fit.

-nesy receiving ; receptacle.

-estdwy. receptacle.

and-fengend m. defender.

and-giet n. intellect ; comprehen- sion ; sense (the five senses) ; meaning, purport.

-full intelligent, knowing.

~fllllic intelligible.

-fullice av. intelligibly, clearly.

-leas foolish.

-least, ley folly.

~lic intelligible.

-lice av. intelligibly.

-ol intelligent.

-tacenf n. intelligible sign, symbol.

and-giete*, -getef manifest.

and-heafod n. unploughed head- land of a field, gen. pi.

andlang, A. ollung I. aj. con- tinuous, whole (day). II. ~, ~es prp. wg. along(side).

and-leanf n. retribution.

and-leofen, -lifen, -yf. sustenance, food ; wages [libban].

and-(ge)16man, -uman, -aman

mpl. utensils.

and-mitta = an-mitta.

an-drysnle, audd- awe-inspiring ; terrible, horrible.

-of fpl. awe, reverence ; etiquette.

-lie, ondrys(tylic terrible.

and-sac|a m. denier, renouncer, apostate ; enemy.

~ian deny.

and-ssec M. denial ; refusal ; resist- ance.

an(d)-s&te hateful, repugnant, re- pulsive, hostile.

and-sliehtf, yt written hand- but alliterating with vowels, m. stroke.

and-spyrnes f. stumbling-block, scandalum [onspornan].

and-swar|ian, -orian, -erian, -eorian, answer wda.

-u, ans-, IN. ondsuer-y answer.

andustrjigan protest, deny IA.

-ungy protest, denial.

and-webt moist.

and-weard opposite ; present (in place and time).

-lie present.

-lice av. present : hine - gesa- won.

-nesy. presence (in place and time).

and-weorc n. substance, thing; material ; cause.

and- wig «. resistance.

and-wis knowing, skilful in wg.

-nesy experience.

and- wisty station (1) ; support (?).

and-wlita, -iota; -eata A. ; -ata m. face, countenance; surface (of earth) ; form, shape.

and-wlitle, onwlite m. face, fore- head.

-full proud Gl.

and- •wrapt hostile wd.

and-wyrd|an answer wd.

-6 «. answer.

-ingy. conspiratio.

ane - aene once.

a-nemnan declare, proclaim.

anett, x-/n. (or m. ?) solitude.

an-filte («.) anvil.

an-forht alarmed.

ang-*, o-.

-nora, nere m. corner of the eye (?).

anga m. prickle, sting, goad.

anga sole, only [an].

ungje av. anxiously — him was - on

his mode he was anxious. -breost n. asthma. -mod anxious, sad. -modnesy distress of mind. -nsegl m. corn (on foot). -nesy anxiety, distress. ~set(a) m. pustule, carbuncle. -sum, -sumlic troublesome. -sumian trouble. -sumlice av. painfully. -sumnes f. trouble, perplexity,

pain.

Angel «. Anglen (in Schleswig). -cyning m. king of the English. -cynn n. English race. -peody English people. angel m. fish-hook. -twicca, -eecca m., -twicce /. (?)

earthworm. an-ginn «. beginning ; rising (of

sun) ; enterprise ; design ; action. Angle //. = jingle English. an-grisenlice*, y av. terribly. an-grisla, o- m. terror, horror. angris(t)lic, o- terrible, horrible. an-gryrlic*, o- once terrible, a

blending1 of &TLgjns\io and gryre. a'nledan force -- fram separate

forcibly, - ut drive out, expel. a-niehstf av. last (in order of

mention). a/niman 4 take away, deprive w.

set. aninga, anunga, aminga av. at

once ; absolutely, entirely, cer-

tainly. a-nip(e)rian thrust down ; con-

demn. an-lec, -sec, -ic m. 'looking-on,'

regard, respect [locian]. anlic, angelic, e W. o, wd. similar ;

equal. -nes eW. a, o, y likeness, simili-

tude; form, stature: on nSddran

~se ; illustration, parable ; portrait ;

statue, idol. anlicje, o- av. similarly : -ost

s~welce w. sbj. as if. geanlician wda. compare; make

_ an-medla, o- m. pride, pomp,

glory ; presumption ; courage

[mod].

gean-mettan encourage [mod]. an(d)-mitta, onm- m. balance,

scales (for weighing).

[11]

ANTST

APOSTOLHAD

ann vb., prt. upe, inf. unnan, -wdg.

grant ; not grudge, wish (a person

to have something) ; wish w. d.

and sbj. — unnendre handa

voluntarily. anopa m. fear.

an-sien; -eon A. ; o-f. face, coun- tenance; aspect, appearance, form;

view, contemplation ; spectacle. an-sien*, ons^nf/ lack, want, an-spilde salutary. an-stiellan*, y put in stall or

stable [steall]. an-sund, o- whole, entire, sound,

uninjured.

-nes/ soundness, wholeness. Ante-crist m. Antichrist [Z/.]. antefn, antifen mf. anthem [Z*.

antiphona].

~ere m. book of anthems. an-timber «. material; reason,

pretext.

antre/. radish. an-pracian, andp-, onp-, ap-

fear ivg., w. pset and sceolde. an-preece dreadful, repulsive. anung after an.

an-weald, and-, o- m(n). autho- rity, rule, prestige ; jurisdiction,

territory. -a, onwalda m. ruler, sovereign ; the

Lord. = an- ?

an-weald, an- aj. powerful, sole- puling (?).

~ig [an- ?] powerful. an-wealg, onwealh unimpaired,

uninjured, safe. -lice av. wholly. ~nes / wholeness, soundness,

chastity. anwig-gearo I once [ = and-]

ready for war.

an-wille*, on-f once desired. an-wlohf once adorned (?). apa m. ape. a-paecan seduce (retainer from his

allegiance). a-parian take in the act (hine

psereet). a-pins|ian estimate ; consider,

ponder [Lt. pensare]. ~ung/ weighing Gl. a-plantian plant, a-platod plated (?) Gl. apostata m. apostate [_Lt.~\. apostol, IN. postol m. apostle

[Z/.].

apostoljhad m. apostolate.

~(l)ic apostolic.

appel = aeppel.

Aprelis m. April [Z/.].

a-priccan prick, make (dot).

aprotane/ wormwood [Z/. abro- tonum].

apulder, apuldre fm. apple-tree [eeppel].

-rind f. bark of apple-tree.

-tun m. orchard.

apytan = apy tan.

art m. messenger (angel, apostle), herald; servant, soldier [Srende].

ar f. honour, dignity ; reverence, respect ; property, revenue, estate, benefice ; prosperity ; benefit, help; kindness ; mercy.

-craeftig pious or distinguished (?).

-dsfede merciful, charitable.

-dagas mpl. feast-days.

~ffflst distinguished; virtuous; pious, dutiful ; merciful, kind, gracious.

-fsestllce av. piously ; kindly.

-feestnesy! piety; virtue ; kindness.

-full venerable ; merciful, kind.

~fullice av. kindly, mercifully.

-giefaf »i. beneficent one.

~hwaBtf eager for glory.

-leas impious, wicked ; merciless, cruel.

-leaslice av. wickedly, impiously ; cruelly.

-leasnes/i wickedness, impiety.

-least f. wickedness, wicked deed ; cruelty.

-lie honourable, distinguished ; hon- est; befitting; pleasant; merciful, kind.

-lice aw. honourably; kindly, merci- fully.

-scamu/. shame, modesty.

-stafasf mpl. kindness, help.

-pegn m. servant.

-wierpe, -eorp, -urp, -yrp vener- able, distinguished.

-weorpfull honourable.

-weorpian, u, y honour, reverence, worship.

-weorplic, u, y venerable.

-weorplice, u, y av. honourably ; kindly.

-weorpnes, u, y f. honour, dig- nity.

-weorpung, u/ honour.

-wesa once respected.

ar/ oar.

[12]

ar|blaed «. blade of oar.

-geblandf n. sea.

-loc n. rowlock.

-welaf m. sea.

-wippe/] oar-withe, rowlock.

-ypt/. wave.

ar, ser «. brass, copper, grene — orichalcum.

-fast n. brass vessel.

-geotere m. brass-founder.

-gleed*, gir-f brass-bright.

-sapey. verdigris.

-gescod, »r--f brass-shod.

-smip m. brass-smith.

-gesweorf n. brass filings.

ar = ffir early.

arjian wa. honour, treat with re- spect ; endow | vad. care for (the poor), be kind ; be merciful, spare (life), pardon.

-igend m. benefactor.

-ing, ~ung_/! honour ; pardon.

aTJeean get at, attain ; hand, give.

a-rsedfO) wise(?); resolute, in- exorable (?)

aT£ed|an i, but gen. wk. decree, settle, arrange, appoint, prepare ; prophesy ; solve (riddle) ; expound, explain ; utter ; read (to oneself or aloud).

-nes, ared- f. agreement, con- dition.

a-rsBfn|an, -ian carry out, accom- plish ; endure (patiently) ; suffer ; ponder, consider.

~(i)endlic endurable.

aTaefsan, arsepsan, e intercept.

a-rseman elevate — rfl. elevate, improve oneself || rise.

a-reer|an lift up, raise ; raise (to life) ; set up (cross\ build ; es- tablish, create, disseminate ; up- bring up, educate.

-nes/. raising, exaltation (in power).

a-rsesan rush.

a-rafian unravel, unwind (ball of thread).

a-rasjian, -acsian explore ; detect, take in the act of; reprove, cor- rect (faults), ptc. ~od trained, skilled.

arblast v L. m. crossbow \_Old Fr. arbaleste].

arc = earc.

ardlic = arodlic.

a-reafianf separate (?).

ASCAFAW

ASEOpAN

a-rgecan stretch out, raise up — areahtum eagum with aston- ished eyes | explain, expound ; translate ; relate, tell, speak.

a receleasi an be negligent.

a-redian prepare, provide ; carry out, perform ; contrive, manage | find (right time for) ; find, find the way : ut - find the way out, oferdruncen mann ne maeg to his huse ~, pone weg -, pa ceastre ~ reach | find out, under- stand.

arednes - araednes.

a-reodian intr. redden, blush.

a-retan cheer.

Arianisc Arian \_Lt.~\.

a-ridan 6 ride (out).

a-rlepan*, y strip off.

ariht = on riht rightly.

a-riman count ; enumerate, relate.

aTisan 6 stand up, get up (from bed), rise ; be forthcoming (of money) ; arise, happen (^"tempta- tion) ; originate.

armelu wild rue [Lt. harmala].

arn/r/. pieman.

arod (m.) arum.

arod energetic | brisk ; quick.

-lie quick.

-lice, ard- av. vigorously ; quickly.

~nes/! boldness.

-scipe /«. boldness, energy.

aron are, see wesan.

arunnen = aurnen ptc. of aier- nan.

arwe, arewe/". arrow.

a-ryddan, -dran, -tran strip, plunder.

a saelan bind.

a-sanian become languid, weak (of love) [seene].

a-sawan i sow.

asc|ian, acs-, ax-, aha- try for, demand ; question, ask waa., w. aefter, TV. hwy &>£ ., w. sbj. ; call to account wag. ; experience (cala- mity).

-iendlic interrogative (in gram- mar).

-ung/i interrogation.

geascjian learn by inquiry, be told, hear of w. a. and aet, w. indc., -ode pis pus gedon | discover.

-ling/i inquiry.

ii-scacan 2 shake off w. a. and of; shake, brandish || intr. flee, desert.

a-scafan 2 shave.

a-scalian peel off (bark).

a'scamjian be ashamed.

-elic shameful.

asce, axe, K-f.,fl. -an ash, ashes.

-geswap n. cinders.

a'sceadan, -scadan i b TV. a. and

g. or frarn or of, separate, ex-

clude ; distinguish ; purify. a'SCgltan once separate, dis-

solve (?). a'sceotan 7 shoot (arrow) ; lance

(swelling; || intr. dart out, fall. a-sciflian*, i shell, peel [scalu]. a-scigppan 2 appoint, give, esp.

-him naman. a'Scigr|ian*, i, y w. a. and g. or

frarn separate ; deprive, purify ;

destine, appoint. -igendlic disjunctive (in gram-

mar).

a-scif rpan sharpen (eyesight). a-scimian shine. a-scman 6 shine (forth) ; be evi-

dent, clear. a'Sciran*, y make clear, trans-

parent a-scortian run short, fail ; seem

short or elapse (0/"time). a'screadian prune, lop. a-scr§ncan trip up, make to fall. a screpan 5 scrape. a-scrincan 3 shrink up. a'scrutnian investigate. a'scufan, -sceofan 7 push (away),

expel.

ascunian = on-. a-scylfan once destroy Gl. a'scyndan take away, deprive. a-searian dry up intr. a-secan seek out, select ; penetrate,

pervade ; ~ nine lifes aim at his

life. a-SfCgjan say fully, express, tell

say.

-endlic utterable. a.-sedan*, oe satiate [seed]. a-segnian*, asenganf once show. a-sgllan give up ; expel. a-8fncan tr. sink. a-sendan send forth, emit ; send. as eon onc"e 5 see. L.for geseon. a-seon 7 strain (through sieve). a'seolcan 3 become languid, ptc.

asolcen slothful, remiss. a'seonod ' unsinewed,' relaxed Gl.

[seono].

[13]

a-seopan 7 boil; smelt (metals\ purify by smelting — asoden gold pure gold ; try (by affliction), chasten.

a agtt an place, put — hi -onhi(fy?.) ofer (av.) crossed (the Channel) ;

build ; plant ; appoint ; - sip make a journey. -nes (?)/. law = ges§tnes. a'sepan affirm, confirm (statement)

[sop]. a'Sican sigh. a-siftan sift. a-sigan 6 sink down, fall down ;

be neglected. a-sincan 3 sink down, fall to

pieces.

a-singan 3 sing, deliver (speech). a'sittan 5 settle intr. ; run aground

(o^ship) | expect, be apprehensive

of w. sbj. || tr. ut - starve out (gar-

rison).

a-siwan, eo sew. a-slac ian become slack, become

weak ; decline, diminish. -igendlic remissive (adverb). a'slaeccan once loosen Gl. [slsec]. asleep an = onsleepan. a-slfflwan blunt, make dull [slaw]. a-slawian become dull, slothful. a-slean 2 strike, cut— of- cut off

(head) ; beat out (metal) ; geteld -

put up tent.

a-slldan 6 slip (of foot) ; fall. a-slitan 6 tear off ; tear to pieces ;

destroy. a-slupan 7 slip away ; disappear

(^/"sorrow). a-smea(ga)n scrutinize, investi-

gate ; conceive, realize ; consider,

reflect on ; treat of (in writing ) ;

settle (plan).

asmeagungy. investigation. a'Smipian forge, make (metal

objects) . a-smorian suffocate, kill by suffo-

cating, choke (growth of plants). a'smugan 7 investigate, consider. a-snesan, a transfix, spit, rft. stake

oneself.

a-snipan 6 cut off, cut (corn). a-solian become dirty. a-solcennes f. torpor, sloth

[aseolcan]. a'spanan 2 allure, entice; introduce

in an underhand way ; induce. a-spedan make prosperous.

ASFELIAN

a'Spelian be deputy for, represent iva.

a-spendan spend wa. j>ear-

fum give to the poor ; squander [Z/. expendere].

aspide /. viper, serpent \_Lt. aspidem].

a apinnan 3 spin.

a-splwan, f 6 vomit up.

a-sprecan 4 speak fully, speak.

a-sprengan send flying, fling out.

a-sprindlian rip up.

a spring an, -incan 3 spring up, rise ; flow ; spread (of fame, heresy, &c.) ; originate, be de- scended (from) ; come into being, appear, rise ; fail, decline, cease.

-ung/. failing, being wanting.

a-sprungennes/. failing, decline, exhaustion, eclipse.

a-sprutan 7 sprout out.

a'spryttan cause to grow, produce (of the earth).

a-spylian wash oneself. Cp. awil- lan.

a-spyr|ian follow tracks of, trace (lost cattle) ; investigate ; discover.

-igend m. investigator.

assja m. donkey.

-miere/ donkey mare.

asse, assen/ she-donkey.

ast kiln.

a-staenan adorn with gems.

a-stand an 2 stand up, rise often w. up ; stand firm, persist, endure.

~(en)nes / existence, entity, sub- stance ; perseverance.

a-stellan set, put; establish, create ; institute, set on foot, set (exam- ple) ; undertake, begin, undergo.

a-stemnian found, build.

a/stempan stamp (metal).

a-steorfan 3 die. ptc. astorfen (flesh) of animal having died a natural death. J n. flesh of such an animal.

asterion pellitory \_Lt.~\.

a-stiep|an, A. eo (ea) bereave — ptc. ~ed having lost parents or child ; wag. deprive.

-nes/ privation.

a-stierfan*, y kill [steorfan].

a-stierred*, y starred [steorra].

a-stifian become stiff.

a stigan 6 ascend w.a. and on — - on scip go on board ; descend ; go, pass — niper - descend.

ASTIGEND

a-stigend m. rider.

a'stig(en)nes/. ascent.

a-stihtjan decree.

-ing/, doctrine.

a-stingan 3 pierce out, put out

(eyes), also w. ut || -on a. lay

claim to, usurp (estate). a-stijjian become strong, grow up ;

dry up intr.

astorfen «., see asteorfan. a-streccan tr. stretch out, extend

— feoll astreaht fell flat, at full

length ; rfl. prostrate oneself ||

intr. be erect, haughty. a-stregdan scatter ; sprinkle, a streng an — ptc. ~d malleable Gl. a-strienan, eo beget. a-strowennes /. being extended,

length Gl. Cp. strewian. a-stundian be responsible for,

take upon oneself. a-styfician, I extirpate, a-styltan be astonished. a-styntan make dull, stupid ; con- fute [stunt]. a'Styrjian tr. agitate, raise (doubt) ;

move fram remove, ptc . ~ed

agitated (in mind) ; irritated,

angry.

-iend m. stirrer, ventilater (!) Gl. -iendlic movable. -ung/. motion, a-sucan, -ugan 7 suck out, suck,

drain.

asundrian = asyndran. a-surian become sour. a'swaeman wander about, w. fram

depart | suffer, grieve. a-sw£fern|ian, a be confounded,

ashamed.

~ung/. bashfulness, shame. a-8\vaBtan burst out in perspiration. a-swamiant cease (?). a-swapan i, ptc. -apen, -open

sweep (away).

a'SAvarcian abash, confound, aswarnian = asw&rnian. a'Sweartian become black or dim. a'swgbban, ptc. -§fed make to

cease, lull (storm), destroy, annul ;

kill.

a'SWffecian root up, erad Scare, a/swellan 3 intr. swell, a'sweltan 3 die. a-sv«rf ngan shake off, cast off. a'sweorcan 3 become depressed

(of the mind).

[14]

ASWEOBPAN

a-s-weorfan 3 file off, pdlish.

a-sw^rian 2 swear.

a'swican 6 wd. desert, betray ; offend, scandalizare.

a'Swician offend, scandalizare.

a-swlfan 6 wander about, lose the way.

a'swindan 3 languish away, be- come enervated — ptc. aswunden sluggish ; disappear, perish.

a-swog an i suffocate, choke — ptc. -en overrun (with weeds).

a'SWOrettan sigh ; grieve intr.

a-swundennes f. sluggishness [aswindan].

a-sycan*, I wean.

a-syndran, -ian, -sundrian separate.

at- occ. = set-.

a-tffisan wound ; wear out, injure ; once soothe (?).

at|e/, «-, gen.pl. atan oats.

-leag m. oat-field (?) Ct.

ategar = aetgar.

atelic = atollic.

a't^llan reckon up, count; enu- merate, tell ; explain.

a-tf mian tame.

a'tfndjan set on fire ; trouble, perplex (?).

-end m. incendiary.

-ing/, incitement.

a-teon 7 draw out or awry; draw,

drag, pull, take of extract.

take out ; protract, continue ; treat (well or ill), behave to ; dispose of, do (as one likes) with || intr. go, make expedition.

a'teor ian become tired, languish ; fail, cease; perish.

-igendlic perishable, fleeting (worldX

-odnes/ cessation.

-ung/. failing ; weariness.

a'teran 4 tear away, remove.

ates-hwon once av. at all [awiht].

a-tiefran depict, draw.

a-timbr(i)an build.

atol, ~(l)ic, atelic I. terrible, dire, horrid, loathsome. II. n. what is terrible, terror.

ge~ian*, ge~hlwian disfigure.

-iende disfiguring.

ge~od*, -atel- monstrous.

at(t)or, SB- n. poison, venom.

~b&re, -berende poisonous, veno- mous.

ATORCOPPE

atorjcoppe/. spider.

-craft m. art of poisoning.

-cynn «. (kind of) poison.

-drinca m. poisonous draught.

-lape/i cock's-spnr grass.

~lic poisonous.

-seapaf ft- venomous enemy,

dragon.

-spere «. poisoned spear, -tant once m. poison-twig = -tear*

»/. drop of poison (?). a-trahtnian treat, discuss. a'tredan 4 ut ~ ivd. extort from.

Or = atr^ddan ? a'trgddan investigate, explore. a-tr§ndlian roll tr. atrum («.) ink \_Lt. atramentum]. a't^dran bring forth (progeny,

growth), produce. a-tyht|an incite, entice; stretch,

extend, turn, direct — earum

-urn with attentive ears, a-tynan — ut ~ exclude. Also

= onty nan. ap m. oath, -bryce m. perjury. -fultum m. confirmers of an

oath.

-gehat n. promise on oath, oath, -loga m. perjurer, -staef m. oath, -swaru/, -a m. oath, -swgrung, -swaring f. swearing

an oath.

-swyrd, eof. oath. ~w§dd (?) «. promise on oath Gl. -wierpe worthy of credit. apamans adamant \_Lt. adaman-

tem].

apgcganf destroy, kill (?). a'pegen//V. distended Gl. a*p§n ian, -pfnnan stretch out

(hand), stretch (bow) — ptc. -ed

distended; rfi. prostrate oneself;

concentrate (mind) w. on. ~e(d)nes/! extension, a pelican devise, invent; intend. a'peostr|ian, ie become dim, ob- scure ; be eclipsed — ptc. ~od dim

(of the eyes), eclipsed. a'perscan* 3 ' thresh out ' — ptc.

aproxen robbed. apexe/. lizard, a-pledan, eo separate. a'pierran wipe, a-pietan sound or blow (horn)

[peotan].

a-pindan 3 swell — ptc. apunden swollen.

apol-waref once pi. citizens, for fepel- ?

a'polian hold out, endure.

apracian = onpraeian.

a'prsBstan wrest out, deprive.

a-praw|an i, ptc. -awen, 6 twist (out) ; flow : is mm swat ~en.

a'preatian be irksome || dissuade from : him his yfel ~.

a'preotan 7 impers. — hine apriett wg., w. sbj. be weary, find irk- some \personal he w^ses aproten pses.

a'prietan tr. weary, bore.

a-pringan 3 tr. force out ; ptc. ut- aprungen embossed || intr. force one's way out, rush out.

a-printan* 3 intr. swell — ptc. a- prunten swollen.

a-protennes f. wearisomeness. [apreotan],

aprowen, see aprawan.

aproxen, see aperscan.

a-prutjan* 7 swell— ptc. -en swol- len.

a/pry(a)n — ptc. aprjd robbed.

a-prys(e)man, -ian stifle, suffo- cate.

apum m. son-in-law ; brother-in- law.

-SWerianf once mpl. father- and son-in-law.

a-pundennes f. being swollen, swelling [apindan],

a-p\vsenan soften.

a-pwean 2 ptc. -wagen, ae, e wash, cleanse.

a-pweran 4 churn (butter).

a-pwitan 6 disappoint, frus- trari,

a'pyn press — ut - extract (oil) ; im- print.

a-pytan expel Gl. — ut -*, apytan pull out, put out ^eyes).

a-pywan push away, expel. = *a- pien.

awa, see a.

a-wacan 2 intr. awake ; come into existence, arise, be born.

a-wacian intr. awake.

a-wacian become weak ; become languid, relax efforts ; ivd. fall away (from God).

a'weecan weaken.

[15]

a'waBCnian, -ac(e)nian, -nan

come to life ; come into being,

appear; be result of, arise from,

be descended from. a'Wffigan make nugatory, annul,

rel'Ut (testimony) ; deceive. a-wcelan roll, roll away ; afflict. a-wannian become pale, a-wascan i wash. a-weahtnes, -weht- f. exciting

[aw^ccan]. a-weallan i gush forth, issue ;

have source, emanate. a-weardian defend, a'weaxan i grow ; grow up ;

come into being, arise, awebb = owgbb woof. a'W^CCan, awr§- wake tr. ; bring

to life ; beget, suscitare ; incite,

excite ; cause. a'Wgcgan move away, move ;

~ fram, of dissuade. a'wedan go mad [wod]. a"wefan 5 weave. aweg = on weg away. a'Wegan 5 carry away ; carry off,

carry ; weigh, weigh out. awel, owul, al, eel mf. awl, hook,

fork, a-wgmman, -asmmian pollute ;

curtail, shorten. a-w^nian, -§nnan disaccustom,

wean (child). a-w§nd|an tr. turn away, turn ;

turn upside down, ransack (house)

| pervert ; alter, change ; - to

transform into, turn into ; — of . . on

translate || intr. turn ; go ; - fram

secede, desert. -e(n)dlic changeable. -e(n)dlicnes/. mutability, -ednes/. change, -ing/", subversion. a-weodian extirpate. a-weorpan, u, y 3 throw ; throw

out, throw away, throw down ;

expel, degrade (from dignity,

office); reject, divorce — aworpeu.

wif.

a'Weorpan.3 perish, become worth- less— ptc. aworden worthless

(person). a-w§rian defend, protect — w. a.

and g. or d. defend . . against ;

restrain, hinder.

a-werian wear, wear out (clothes), awesc = efewisc.

B

AWESTAN

AWILDIAN

A WRIEST AN

a/west an lay waste, ravage, de- stroy.

~(ed)nes/i desolation.

-end m. devastator.

a-widlian pollute, profane.

a-wielgan*, prt. -wiligdon roll.

a-wigllan (cause to gush forth) — t wynnum ~ed joyful ; boil tr.

a-wieltan roll tr.

a-wierd|an injure ; corrupt, de- prave ; destroy — ptc. aweerd worth- less, contemptible [weorpan].

~nes/. injury, destruction.

a-wierg|an, L. -yrgian curse — ptc. ~ed (ac)cursed, execrable [wearg].

~e(n)dlic wicked.

~,ed)nes_/l malediction.

a/wiftan — ut~ exhale Gl.

a-wiht, awuht, a(u}ht, owiht, IN. aeniht I. no. anything, something, to ahte at all. ahtes serviceable : pa scipu J>e ahtes wseron. II. aht aj. of worth, good : hweeper he - sy oppe naht. III. av. at all, by any means.

a-wildian become wild, fierce.

awiligan = *awielgan.

a- windan 3 intr. wind, plait ; turn off, slip ; become relaxed or weak.

a-windwian winnow away, dis- perse (enemies).

a winnan 3 strive ; overcome ; gain, acquire.

a-wisnian dry up intr.

a-wistlian hiss, pipe {of weak voice) .

8/wlacian be lukewarm met.

a- wlffltan make loathsome, deform, spoil.

a wlancian become proud, exul- tare.

a-wofflian be insolent; be mad — ptc. ~od insane.

a-wogian woo.

awoh = on wog.

a-wordennes/. worthlessness, de- generation [aweorpan].

a'worpen|lic worthy of rejection or condemnation [aweorpan].

-nes f. rejection ; exposure (of children by parents).

a'wraastan wrest from, extort.

a-wrecan 5 drive away, drive | strike, pierce | avenge; punish | recite, relate.

awreccan = aweccan awake.

a-wre plan prop, support ; sustain, help.

a'Wi'Idian grow, be descended.

awrigennes = onwrigennes.

a-wringan 3 squeeze out.

a'WTitan 6 write; depict, draw, carve ; compose, write, describe.

a'WTipan 6 twist ; bind, bandage (wound).

avsrripan = on-wripan unbind.

awper = ah weeper.

a'vmnian remain (in place) ; con- tinue (in time).

a'wundrian wda. make to seem wonderful.

a-wyrcan do.

awy rdla = SB- injury.

a'Wyrgan strangle, kill.

a-wyrtw^alian root up ; extir- pate.

drive out, expel.

B.

BA

B^ECESTRE

ba, see begen.

bacan 2 bake.

gebacu*, -baecu npl. back parts.

bad f. pledge, thing distrained ; impost | expectation [bidan].

~ian take a pledge abs.

base n. back, clcene ~ habban be free from deceit, on ~, ofer ~, under- av. back (wards), behind.

-bord «. left side of ship, port.

-ling — on b. av. back, behind.

-slitol slandering.

~pearm m. rectum ; pi. ~as bowels.

baec (?) brook. See bece.

base-, see bacan.

-ere m. baker.

~ern, -hus n. bake-house.

gebaec n. baking, what is baked.

baecering (m.) gridiron.

bsecestre, -istre, y fm. baker (male or female).

baad/r/. ^/"biddan.

bsedjan compel ; urge on, incite ; solicit, require wag. ; afflict, op- press.

-end m. impeller.

bfflddel m. hermaphrodite.

bzede-weg, beadowig «. cup.

baadling m. sodomite, effeminate one.

bsedzere = baezere.

baafta m. back [bseftan].

baaftan, 'bess-prp. wd., av. behind : hi sotsaeton ~ remained at home (instead of serving in the militia) ; time after( wards) : hir~.

-sittende slothful.

n. funeral pile ; fire, blaze.

[16]

b£i;bl£Bset, ~blys^e)t/. blaz?; of

fire.

-egsaf m. terror of fire, -fyrf n. funeral fire. -Stedef m. place of a funeral pile, -pracuf/. strength of fire. -wielmt m. intensity of fire. ~wuduf m. wood of a funeral pile, baelcf once covering (?). baelcf (m.) pride, bffllcanf vociferate. bffllignes = *b§lignes. beam d. of begen. baar bare, naked. -(e)fot bare- footed. ~lice n. evidently. -synnig, bearswinig notoriously

sinful IN.

bier ; litter [beran].

BAN-LOCA

BEACEN

babr-mann m. bearer ; porter. bear-disc m. tray = ber- (?). baarn = bern barn. b8arn|an/y. burn ; light (fire, lamp)

[biernan].

~elac n. burnt offering, -ing/", burning tr. ~(n)es/. burning. bearnet(t), -yt «. burning tr. •

arson.

baars, bears m. perch (a fish). bearst/r/. </berstan. baarstlian = brastlian. geb8er|u. npl. behaviour, manner,

customs ; gesture ; cries [beran], ~an behave. -nes/ behaviour. bfiarwe = bearwe wheelbarrow, baest (m.~) bast (inner bark of the

lime).

~en of bast. bsastere = bsazere. beat an furnish with bit, bridle ;

coerce, restrain ) hunt, bait, worry

[bltan].

-ing/, cable (of ship). gebaat|u npl., ~el n. bit, bridle,

trappings of horse. -an furnish with bit, bridle, curb, baap n. bath. -ffflt n. bath. -hus n. bath-house. -Stede m , -Stow/ bath-place, -wegt tn. sea. baa(d)zere, bsej»(c)ere, bsestere m.

baptist \_Lt. baptista, through

Celtic'].

bala-nlp = bealo-. bale m. (?) ridge between two

furrows. balca m. heap. bals-minte/. spear-mint. balsam n. balsam, balm, -es tear

juice of balsam [Z/.]. bam d. </begen. ban n. bone (ivory, whalebone) ;

leg only in composition. -beorge /, -an //., -gebeorg n.

(pi. ? ) greaves.

-gebrec «., -bryce m. bone- frac- ture.

-cofaf m. body. -faatf n. body.

-fagt adorned with bone ? (hall), -hringf m. vertebra, -husf «. body, -leas boneless.

banjlocat m. body.

-rift greaves.

~8elet tn. body.

-wsarc m. pain in the bones.

-wyrt/. violet (?)

ban-helmf m. helmet.

ban | a m. slayer, murderer.

-garf m. deadly spear.

-snaca m. venomous snake.

gebann n. summons, proclamation, command ; the indiction (cycle of fifteen years).

-gear n. year of indiction.

barm an i a, b summon ut call

out (militia); proclaim, command.

~end m. summoner Gl.

bannuc m. cake of bread, scone.

-camb m. wool-comb Gl.

bar m. wild boar.

-spere «., ~spreot m. boar-spear, hunting-spear.

barian make bare, uncover ; de- populate [beer].

barda m. beaked ship.

barp (m.) light ship.

basing m. cloak, mantle.

basn|ian expect, await [bidan].

-ung/ expectation.

baso, ea, //. baswe, purple, crim- son, se baswa stan topaz.

-hffl'vven purple.

-readian*, beso- make reddish- purple, colour purple.

bastard m. bastard L. [/>.].

baswian stain purple or red (with blood) [baso].

bat m. boat.

-swegen m. boatman L. [Scand.~\.

-weardt m. boat-guarder.

batjian intr. be in good condition or health, grow fat : waes ge~ad healed ((/wound).

batt club, stick.

batwa, see begen.

bapian bathe, tr., intr., rft.\ pro- vide (poor men) with baths [baepl.

be, bi ; bi ^through confusion w. the adverb bi. I. prp. ivd., place and motion by (nearness*, along, in time — be him lifgendum during his lifetime || defining, by: ge- hsefted be patn healse | manner, cause, instrument : be hreow- sunge dSdbetende, be his hSse, be hlafe libban | accord- ing to : eegh'wilc gilt be his gebyrdum \formingadverbs : be

[17]

fullan fully | concerning : be manna craeftum (title of poem, &£.) | to express object of vb. about : cwepan be, awritan boc be, axian nine be, him behead be pe. II. be norpan, be su- pan, &c. prp. wd. north of, &c. III. be-pffim-pe av. in proportion to, as much as.

beac(e)n n. sign, token, beacon ; standard, banner.

~fyr n. beacon-lire, light-house.

-stan m. beacon-fire rock, farus.

gebeacn «. sign.

beacnian =biecn(i)an.

beadof, g. bead^ujwe, f. battle, war.

~caf prompt in battle, warlike.

-craeft m. skill in war.

-crsaftig skilful in war.

-cwealm m. violent death.

-folm/. war-hand.

-grima m. helmet.

-grimm fierce in war.

-hraegl «. coat of mail.

-lac n. battle.

-leoma m. sword.

-msegen «. battle-strength.

-mece m. battle-sword.

-rffls m. onset.

-rinc m. warrior.

-rot' warlike.

-run/, theme of quarrel.

-scearp sharp in battle (of sword).

-scrud «. coat of mail.

-searo «. armour.

-sierce/ coat of mail.

-preat m. army.

-wabpen n war-weapon.

-wang m. field of battle.

-weorc n war-work.

~\vig = bsedeweg.

beaat'tan = baaftan.

be-sawnian join in marriage.

beaftan lament IN.

beag m. ring (of gold), bracelet, torque, crown [bugan].

-giefaf tn. giver of rings, patron.

-giefut-/ ring-giving, liberality.

-hordf «. treasure.

-hrodenf adorned with rings, &c. [hreodan].

-saalt n., -selet m. hall in which gold is distributed.

-pegut/ receiving of rings.

-wripaf m. bracelet, &c.

beagian crown.

BEALCAN

BE ARM

BEC-ffiFED

bealcan; be(a)lcettan, i,y belch

forth, utter.

bealcett («.) belching. beald, vE. balp self-confident,

bold.

~e, -lice, IN. ballice av. boldly. ~ian be bold. -wyrde bold of speech. bealdorf m. prince, king. beallucas m. testicles. bealof g. beal(o)wes I. n. evil,

calamity, injury, wickedness. II.

aj. evil, dire, pernicious, wicked. -bend (m.~) severe bond, chain, -benny", severe wound, -blanden pernicious. -clamm m. dire bond. -craft m. evil art, magic, -cwealm m. violent death. -dsed/ crime. -full evil, wicked. -fus prone to evil. -hycgende, -hygdig, -hydig

meditating evil, hostile. -inwit n. malice. -leas innocent, -nip m, pernicious malice, vice,

wickedness.

-rap m. dire rope, bond. -searo n. dire machination. -sip m. fatal journey, misfortune, -sorg/ dire sorrow. -spell n. dire tidings. -pane m. evil thought, beam m. tree ; the Cross ; pillar

(of fire); beam; fship. -sceadu/ shadow of a tree, -telgf m. 'wood-dye,' (carbon) ink. bean/ bean. -belg, -codd m. bean-pod. -cynn n. species of bean, -scalu/ bean-pod. beanen of beans. bearce*, A. » f. barking [beor-

can].

beard m. beard, occ.pl. in sg. mean- ing.

-leas beardless. bearg m. pig. bearhtm, eo, y, e ; A. se; bre-

aht(u)m m. glance (of the eye)—

eagena- the evil eye [beorht], ~e av. instantly [i. of bearhtm]. -hwfflt swift as a glance of the eye. -hwil f. moment, instant — ane -e

suddenly. bearhtm = breahtm noise.

bearm m. bosom, lap ; middle, in- side ; fpossession. -clap, -hrfflgl n. apron. bearm-teag, see beo-. beam n. child, -gebyrda/*/. child-bearing. -eacen, -eaca (,?), -eacniend

pregnant. -leas childless. -liest, -least/, childlessness. -lufe/ adoption. -myrpre/. infanticide. -gestreon n. begetting children. -team m. begetting children. bearn/r/. </beiernan. bearo, g. bear'^o)wes, m. grove,

wood.

-nfflssf m. woody tract, grove. bears = beers, bearwe, SB, e, -uwe, -ewe /.

basket, wheelbarrow. be-ascian tr. question ; request

waa. (or wag. ?). gebeat «. beating, beat an i beat ; clash together ;

tramp, tread on. -ere m. pugilist Gl. beaw (m.} gadfly. be-bapian tr. bathe, wash. be-beod;an 7 wda. offer ; commit,

entrust ; command, ask ; announce. -end m. master, praeceptor. -endlic imperative (mood). be-beorgan 3 w. d. and a. or inst.

rfl. ward off from oneself, avoid. be-beran 4 wad. supply, provide

with.

be-bindan 3 bind. be'bod n. command, mandate,

(moral) precept. -dfflg m. appointed day. be-brjedan tr. iv. mid spread,

cover, be-brecan 4 wad. deprive of by

breaking ; -wa. consume. be-bregdan IN. pretend, simulate, be-brucan 7 practise (virtue). be'bugan 7 encompass, surround ;

avoid, escape || intr. extend w.

geond. be-bycgan sell : on gold - sell for

gold.

be-byrig|an, -rgan bury. ~(ed)nes/ burying, burial, bee//, o/boc. beean, ge- wda. assign by charter

[bocj.

[18]

be'ceafed*, e adorned.

becca m. pickaxe, mattock.

bece m. brook.

bec|e, oe/ beech-tree [boc].

-en of beech.

be-ceapian sell : - wip feo.

becefed - becssfed.

be-ceorfan 3 cut off: nine heafde ~.

be'ceorian tr. complain of, lament.

be-ceowan 7 gnaw (through).

be'Ciepan sell [beceapian].

be-cierran tr. turn, make to re- volve ; give the slip to, avoid ; betray.

be-clfflman glue together.

be'clemmant fetter, enclose.

be-clingan 3 enclose, bind.

be-clipian, eo summon, sue at law.

be'dyppan embrace, encompass.

be-clys an enclose, shut up, close [cluse].

-ing/, cell ; period, syllogism.

be-cnawan i know.

be-cnyttan tie up.

be-creopan 7 creep — wees be- cropen lay hid, was kept con- cealed.

be-cuman 4 come ; meet with, fall

among; happen him to eadig-

nesse make him happy.

be'CWCpan 5 say ; reproach ; be- queath wda.

be-cwiddian deposit Gl.

be-cyme (!) m. event Bd.

bed = gebed occ. in composition : -dagas, -hus, -rseden.

-rip, bider- compulsory reaping

\cp. benrip]. gebed n. prayer ; religions

ordi-

nance or ceremony.

-dagas mpl. prayer-days.

-giht/ evening Gl.

-hus n. oratory, chapel, temple.

-mann m. worshipper, priest.

-raden/ prayer.

-stow/ place of prayer, oratory.

gebedian pray, worship.

be-dffllan deprive wag., wai.

bgdd «. bed ; (garden) bed, plot.

-bolster «. bolster.

-bur m. bedchamber.

-cleofa, -clyfa ; -cofa m. bed- room.

-clap m. bed-covering, //. bed- clothes.

-felt blanket, sheet.

BEDD-OEMATiTA

BEFEQAN

BEGALAN

bfddlgemana m. cohabitation.

-real n. bed-clothes.

-reda, i, y m. one bed-ridden ;

also aj. -rest/, bed. -gerid n. (ants') nest (?). -pegn m. chamberlain. -tld/. bed-time, -wagrift bed -curtain. bedd|ian make a bed : ~ him for

him.

-ing/, bedding, bed-clothes; bed. geb^dlda/. consort, wife, -cleoia*, y m. lair, den. -scipe m. cohabitation, marriage. bedecian beg [gebed(ian)]. be-delf|an 3 dig round ; bury. ~ing_/I digging round. beden^. of biddan. be-dician fortify with mound. be-dlegl(i)an, -deaglian hide,

conceal, keep secret. be-diepan*, e, y dip. Cp. bedyp-

pan.

be'digrnan conceal ivda. be-don shut, close (door). bedol suppliant. be'dreosanf 7 — bedroren wear})

or wses was deprived of wi. ;

came into the power of. be'drifan 6 drive ; assail, beat,

cover : steame bedrifen. be-drincan 3 drink in, absorb. be-drogf Old Saxon prt. beguiled

[ = OE. *bedreag]. bedu/i request [biddan]. be-dfifan 7 be submerged — pic.

bedofen drowned. be-dydrian deceive ; conceal

(from) TJU. a. and wij> a. be'dyppan dip [cp. bediepan]. be'ebbjian : ~od wses was left

aground by the tide going out (of

ship), be-feestan fasten, fix ; establish ;

make safe ; apply, utilize ; entrust,

commit wda.

be'fsepman embrace, encircle be-faran 2 tr. traverse ; attack ;

utan ~ surround (army), blockade

|| inlr. proceed, go. be-fealdan i fold ; fold round,

cover ; surround. befealh prt. 0/befeolan. be-feall|an i fall ; -on a., d. incur

(death, guilt), fall into (habit) |

ptc. ~en vii. deprived (of).

be'fegan tr. join w. on a.

be-feohtan 3 wai. deprive of by fighting : feore befohten dead.

be-fBolan 3, prt. -fealh, ptc. -folen tr. put away (under the earth) ; wda. impose, grant, con- sign : him, wses Hiilig Gast befolen, he hine rode befealh crucified him || intr. ivd. apply oneself (to prayer, learning), im- portune (a person) ; w. on d. fall into (a certain state) : ~ on slsepe.

be'feran traverse, encompass.

be'fician deceive.

be-fi§ll an knock down, fell, throw down | ptc. ~ed deprived wi.^

be'flean 2 flay, take off skin : take off bark — beflagen flsesc vis- cera.

be-fleon 7 flee from, escape tr.,and intr. w. fram.

be-fleogan 7 fly.

be-flowan i flow over, flood.

be-fon i b grasp, seize ; take pos- session of; take (in the actx>, detect (in a crime) ; entrap | sur- round, encompass, encircle; con- tain, hold (a quantity).

befolen ptc. i/'befeoian.

be-foran I. prp. w. d. and more rarely a. in the presence of | in the name of : ic pe bebeode ~ Gode | before order, time. II. av. before, in front ; above (in book) : pees cynn is - awriten ; beforehand, ready ; openly, pub- licly.

be-forhtian dread.

be-fotian deprive of feet.

be-freovga n free.

be-frign|an, -frinan 3 question ; ask for, request 'wag

~ung f. inquiry, investigation.

be-fullan av. completely [be, full].

be-fylan defile.

be-fylgan follow, pursue.

be-fyllan fill.

beg* //. ~er berry.

-beam*, beig- m. bramble.

bega g. of begen.

be-gan, -gangan vb. go over, traverse ; occupy, possess (coun- try), surround — utan - besiege ; cultivate (land), take care of; honour, worship ; perform, prac- tise, do.

~nes/ calends (I) Gl.

[19]

be'galan 2 sing incantations over,

bewitch. be-gang, bl-geng m. circuit ;

tract, space | observance, practice,

business ; service, worship. beganga = bigenga. be-geat n. gen. pi. gains, property, begen, ef, oe,fem. and neut. ba,

batwa, bu.tu) both. begenga = bigf nga. be-geomerian lament. be-geondan av., prp. w. d., a.

beyond. be'geotan 7 pour over, cover (with

fluid): mid blode begoten ;

pour.

beger //. of *beg berry. be-giellanf 3 scream around or

sing about (?). be'giem an u>g. take care of,

attend to.

-en/! attention, looking out for. ~ung/l taking care. be-gietan 5 get, obtain, attain,

conquer, acquire ^wealth) ; find ;

happen to, come upon (of danger,

evil, &c.) ; beget or conceive

(child).

be'glnan 6 gape at once. be-ginnan 3 begin. be-gleddian stain (with blood). be-glidan 6 depart from -wd. be'gnagan 2 gnaw. be-gnornian lament. Cp. be-

grornian.

begra^-. of begen. be-grafan 2 bury. be-gretanf once -wk. lament. be-grinian, y ensnare. be-grindan 3 polish ; fdeprive

wai. begrorenf once ptc. — susle ~

overwhelmed (?).

be-grornian lament. Cp. be- gnornian. be-gyldan gild.

be-gyrdan gird ; clothe; surround. be'habban surround; comprehend ;

detain. be-htes (_/!) vow vL. Blending of

hses and behat.

be-haettian scalp (as punishment). be-hamelian tr. strip naked (?). be-hammen (o/"shoe). be'hat n. promise ; vow. be-hatan i wda. promise ; vow ;

threaten with.

EEHAWIAiN"

BEHREOSAN

BELAF

be-hawian look carefully, take

care.

be-heafd|ian behead. ~ungy. beheading. be-heafodlic capital (punishment)

Gl. [be, heafodj. be-heald|an i hold, keep ; guard ;

possess, have ; rfl. act, behave |

look at, observe ; consider, reflect

on ; pay regard to, observe, keep

(^laws) — rfl. w. sbj. be careful ;

practise, perform | signify, mean ;

be of importance: avail. ~en cautious ; assiduous (in) ivi. -nesy regard. be-heawan i hew, cut into shape

(timber) ; bruise, beat ; wai. cut

off (head), deprive of : ~ hine

heafde, feore. be-hef|e, oe, ~(e)lic suitable ;

necessary [behofian]. -nesy. utility.

be'helan 4 cover over, conceal. be'helian cover over, conceal. be-helmian cover over, shroud

(with darkness), conceal. be-heofian lament, mourn for. be'heonan, -hinon av., prp. wd.

on this side of (river, sea . glet ~

citerius Gl.

be-hlepan surround (with heaps). be-hindan av., prp. w. </., a. be- hind.

behinon = beheonan. be-hlsenan surround anything by

leaning other things against it :

-fset holte, surround. be-hleapjan i leap; his mod bip

-en on . . his mind is fixed on. be-hlemman tr. dash together,

close yaws). be-hlidan 6 cover up, close tr.,

intr.

be-hliehhan 2 deride, be'hliepan*, y deprive, strip. be-hligan, (he) behllp, defame :

~ hie warnmum. be-honi b behang, hang round with,

esp. in ptc. behangen w. i. or

mid.

be-hof]ian need, require wg. -lie necessary. be-hogjian take care of. -odllce av. carefully. -odnesy. exercising, practising Gl. be'horsian — hie wurdon -ode

were deprived of their horses.

be-hreosan 7 fall | ptc. behroren w i. covered ; deprived of.

be-hreowsjian repent ; atone.

-ungy. repentance.

be-hrlman cover with hoar-frost.

be-hringan encircle, surround.

be-hropan i importune.

be-hrumian besmirch.

be-hrumig besmirched, sooty.

behte/r/. o/bec&n.

behpty. sign.

be-hweorf(!) m. exchange.

be-hweorfan 3 tr. turn ; spread out | arrange, put in order (house), tend, prepare (corpse for burial) | change ; exchange for wai.

be-hwielfan vault over, cover.

be-hwie rfan tr. turn, turn round ; utan ~ encompass ; exercise, train j change, convert ; exchange for •w. a. and on d., mid.

be-hycgan bear in mind, consider ; trust w. on.

be-hydan hide, conceal.

be-hydignes (I')/, desert.

be-hygdig, -hydig vigilant, care- ful, solicitous.

-lice, -hydellce av. carefully.

-nesy solicitude, anxiety.

be-hyhtan w. on set hopes (on), trust in.

be-hyldan skin, flay.

be-hyr|an hire out.

-ingy hiring out, letting.

be-hypelice av. sumptuously Gl.

be-if rfeweardian disinherit.

be-iernan 3 run (into), be involved (in sin) ; occur (to the mind) : J>a beam him on mode pset he come he thought he would come | bij> beurnen mid blode covered.

beinnan = binnan.

belacan i b sport round, surround (of waves).

be-ladjian exculpate, clear wag.

-igend m. excuser, defender.

-igendlic excusable.

-ung f. excuse : pair is sum ~ on psere segene there is some excuse for your saying so.

be-lffldan lead, impel gen. in bad sense : on synna ~.

bc-laefan tr. spare, leave unde- stroyed || intr. remain, be left.

be-lSpan make hateful, pervert.

be-l&w|an betray.

-ingy. betrayal, treason.

[20]

be-lafy. remainder.

belagen ptc. 0/~belean.

be-landian deprive of land.

belced - sweoraf puff- necked [bale].

belcettan =bealcettan.

gebeldan,/;-/. gibelde IN. cover or bind (book).

be'lean 2 blame, forbid, dissuade from u>da.

be-lgcgan wai. cover, envelop, met. overwhelm (with contempt-, treat (ill), afflict — wg. he wees swelces domes beled peet . . he had such a reputation ; charge (with crime) w. a. and mid.

be-l§ndan deprive of land vL. [belandian].

belene, beoloney henbane.

be-leogan 7 deceive.

be-leoran A. pass by intr.

be-leosanf 7 be deprived of wi. — ptc. beloren deprived of wi.

gebelg «. anger ; arrogance.

-nes*, bselig- /. offence, injury IN. belgan 3 intr. and rfl. be angry

w. wip a., for, to— ptc. gebolgen

angry, fierce. gebelgan 3 offend wd. be-libban — ptc. belifd lifeless. be-licgan 5 surround. be-lief|an L. believe -- ed be-

lieving w. on a. Cp. geliefan. be-lifan 6 remain, be left. be-lifian kill. be'limp n. occurrence. be-limpan 3 belong to, concern,

appertain w. to ; happen, befall

wd.

be-lis(t)nian castrate. be-lipant 6 — only in ptc. beliden

deprived w.g. or i. ; lifeless. bellan 3 bellow, grunt. bell ey. bell.

-flies n. bell-wether's fleece. ~h.ri.ng (m.) bell-ringing. -hus n. bell-tower. -tacen n. showing time by bell

ringing.

belt (m.) belt \^Lt. balteus]. be-lucan 7 lock up, confine ; close

(house) ; enclose (with wall) ;

bind (with fetters) ; impede,

choke ; wad. protect against. be-lutian lie hid. be-lyrtan deceive, cheat Iff.

BEIiYTIGIAN

BEO

BEORG-^ffiLFEN

be'lytigian deceive, entrap.

be-manan lament.

be-metan 5 estimate — rfl. hio hie selfe to nohte ne bemceton thought themselves of no account, hie hie ne bemSton nanes anwealdes they did not consider they had any power.

be-mipan 6 conceal (from') wda.

be-murc(n)ian murmur, grumble.

be-murnan 3 bewail ; care for, take heed of.

be-mutian exchange (for) w. on a. \_Lt. mutare].

be-myldan bury [molde].

ben, oe,f. prayer, petition, request.

-dagas mpl. rogation-days.

-feorm f., ~ifrp /., -rip food, ploughing, harvest-work required from a tenant.

-tidy, prayer-time, rogation-days.

-tigpe, -ip^ig)e successful in prayer, successful ; gracious.

geben_/. prayer.

bena m. petitioner wesan re- quest.

be'nacodian*, -nacian lay bare. The shortening into -nacian is to avoid the clumsy prt. -nacodode*.

be'nseman deprive w. a. and g. or i. [niman].

benc_/! bench.

-sittend(e)f m. guest.

-swegf m. revelry.

-pelf n. bench-floor.

bencian make benches.

bend mfn. band, ribbon, chaplet, crown ; bond, chain [bin dan].

bendan bind ; stretch, bend (bow"i.

be-neah. vb., pi. -nugon, prt. -nohte, iug. enjoy, have benefit of; require.

be'nemnan declare, certify.

be-neotan 7 wai. deprive.

be'neopan, -nipan, y av., prp. •wd. beneath, below.

be'niman 4 wag., wai. deprive.

benipan = beneopan.

bennf/ wound [bana].

-geat n. opening of a wound.

~ian wound.

benohte/r/. ^/"beneah.

be-notian use up, consume (pro- visions).

bensian supplicate [ben].

benugon/r/. //. c/beneah.

benypan = beneopan.

f. ~n bee.

-(n)bread «. beebread, honeycomb.

-nbrop n. drink made of honey.

-ceorl, -cere m. bee-keeper.

-gang m. swarm of bees.

-modor/ queen-bee.

-peof m. stealer of bees.

~wyrt/". bee- wort, sweet flag.

beo-hataf once m. warrior, chief.

beon, see wesan.

beod m. table ; bowl.

-ffirn, beod(d)ern n. dining-room, refectory.

-bolla m. bowl.

-clap m. table-cloth.

-fast n. table-vessel, cup Gl.

-fers n. grace sung at mealtimes.

-giest m. guest at meals.

-hraegl n. table-cloth.

~\&£a,fpl. table-leavings.

-land n. land for supplying the food of a monastery, glebe-land.

-geneat m. meal-companion.

-gereord(u) n(pl). feast.

-sceat m. napkin.

-wist/ meal, food.

beod an, ge- 7 wda. offer w. sbj. : him gefeoht ~ challenge to figlit ; inflict : him witu - ; behave to, treat (well or ill) : uton - oprum Jjset we willen pset man us -e ! | announce, proclaim ; bode ; threaten | command, decree, en- join ut wd. call out (militia),

banish.

beodvd)ian do joiner's work [beod].

beofor m. beaver.

beogol, ge~, y forgiving [bugan].

beolone = belene.

beom = beo am.

beorf, rarely Pr., n. beer [beow].

-byden/ beer- barrel.

-hierdef m. butler.

-scealcf m. feaster.

-selef m. hall of festivity.

-setl* n. fbench at banquet.

-peguf/. beer-drinking.

gebeor m. boon-companion, guest.

-scipe, b- m. convivial meeting, feast.

beorc f. birch-tree ; the Runic letter b [bierce].

gebeorc (n.) barking.

beorcan 3 bark ; bark at iva.

beorg m. hill, mountain ; heap of stones, mound.

[21]

beorglaelfen/. oread.

~hli}> n. hill-slope.

~iht*, beorhtt- mountainous.

-sepel «. mountain dwelling.

-stede ;«. mound.

gebeorgt once n. mountain.

gebeorg, -rh n. defence, refuge,

safety, precaution. -lie safe, advisable. ~nes/. refuge. -stow/, place of refuge, beorgjan, ge- 3 wd. preserve, save ;

abstain from injuring, spare ; w. a.

and d. or wip guard, save — rft.

avoid : hie him yfel ~ap, -ap

eow wip yfel ! | avoid, beware

of w. wip.

beorht, y I. aj. bright ; clear- sighted; clear (sounding), loud;

magnificent, glorious, noble.

II. n. brightness, light ; sight ;

twinkling — eagan ~ moment. ~e av. brightly ; (see) clearly, -hwll/. moment. -ian be bright ; (sound) clear or

loud, ge-nian*, -brehtnian IN. become

bright. -lie bright ; clear - sounding* ;

glorious.

-lice av. brightly ; distinctly. ~nes/. brightness, splendour. -rodorf m. heaven, aether. -word clear of speech. beorhtt- = beorgiht*. beorm|a m. yeast, -teag*, bea-/. yeast-box. beornf m. brave man, warrior, man

of rank, rich man, prince, king. -cyning m. king of warriors. -preat m. band of warriors. ~wiga m. warrior. beornan = biernan. Beornice mpl. Bernicians. beorpor, byr- n. childbirth ; fetus

[beran],

-cwealm m. dead birth, abortion. -pignen*, byrp-pinenu /. mid- wife.

gebeorpor*, y n. birth. beost (»*.) biestings, first milk of

cow after calving. beot «. promise ; vow ; boast ;

threat; danger [ = *bi-hat]. ~ian promise ; vow ; boast. -lie boastful, arrogant ; threatening. -lice av. threateningly.

BEOTUNG

beot|ung/. threatening.

-wordf n. boast ; threat.

gebeot ». vow ; boast ; threatening — to ~es assiduously (!).

beow n. barley.

beowan = biewan polish.

be-ps&c|an deceive.

-end m. deceiver.

-estre/. deceiver, harlot.

-ung/ deceiving, alluring Gl.

beprenan, see bepriwan.

beprepan, see bepriwan.

be'prlwan, -prewan*, -prenan [n for u], -prepan wink ^eye). Cp. preowt-hwil.

beran 4 carry, wear (hat), bring, carry off ; produce, bring forth, bear | endure, tolerate ; suffer || ~ up open (a case).

berian make bare, clear (benches) [beer].

bera m. bear.

beTsbdan deprive w. a. and g. or i. or set ; deliberate on, prepare ; get the better of.

be'ra&san rush.

berbene/. verbena [Z/.].

bere m. barley.

-corn n. barley-corn.

-flor/ barn-floor.

-gafol n. rent paid in barley.

-grses n. green barley.

-hlaf m. barley loaf.

~S£Bd n. barley seed.

-tun, bertun m. threshing-floor, barn.

-wic/. hamlet.

beTeafian wag. despoil, deprive.

beTecan make to smoke.

beTeccan relate ; justify, excuse gen. rfi.

gebered crushed ; afflicted, op- pressed.

be-regnian*, -reni-f cause (strife).

beren = biren bear's.

beren of barley.

beren =bfrn barn.

berenian = beregnian*.

beTeofanf 7 deprive wi.

be-reotan 7 bewail.

berern = bern barn.

be-ridan 6 surround on horseback, besiege ; overtake, take posses- sion of, seize.

be-riefan deprive wag.

be-riepan wag. despoil, plunder of.

BERIGE

berig e, beree/. berry.

-drenc w. drink made of mulberries.

be'rihte*, biryhte prp. wd. close by, by.

be-rindan take off bark.

be-rinnan 3 wet.

bern, beren, IN. berern «. barn [bere-sern].

-hus «. bam.

beTowan i row round.

geberst n. intr. breaking, bursting.

berstan prt. bserst 3 intr. burst, break ; dash, break {of waves) ; resound | escape ; fail — gif him ap burste.

bertun = bere- tun.

ber-winde/. navel- wort.

be-saetian lie in wait for, beset.

be-sarglian be sorry for ; lament ; condole with.

-ung/. sorrowing.

be-sawan i sow.

be'sceadanf cast in the shade, overshadow.

be-sceadan i b separate ; dis- criminate ; sprinkle tr.

be-sceawjian look at, survey ; consider, pay regard to ; watch.

-odnes/. vision, sight.

-ung/. contemplation.

be-sce ncan give to drink tvai.

be-sceotan 7 intr. dart, rush || tr. send, instil (^thoughts).

bescerwan = bescif rian.

be'scielan*, y look at w. on.

be-scieran 4 shear, shave hine

to preoste like a priest.

be-scier|ian, once -scerwan de- prive wag:, wai., fram, of.

-ednes/ deprivation.

be-scinan 6 shine upon.

be-scltan 6 cover with filth, be- daub.

be-screpan 5 scrape.

be-scufan 7 thrust, throw, precipi- tate.

be-secgan say : him on - accuse him ; announce ; plead cause, rfl. defend oneself (in court of law).

be-sellan surround wai.

besema = besma.

be-sencan tr. sink, plunge.

be-sengan singe ; burn.

be-seon intr., rfl. look up, look about, see ; w. on a., to look at, pay regard to || tr. go to see, visit.

be-settan set (hope on) ; appoint ;

[22]

BESIDIAN

set about, adorn wai. ; beset : searopancum beseted; keep, guard ; institute, set going.

be-sldian regulate, determine.

be'sierwan ensnare, take by sur- prise, overcome ; deprive by treachery wai.

be-silfran silver.

be-sincan 3 sink intr.

be'Singan 3 sing incantations over, bewitch ; sing of, bewail.

be'sittan 5 besiege, beset, block- ade, gen. w. utan ; possess.

be-slw\i)an, eo sew.

be-sl£epan i b sleep.

be-slean a wai. cut off (head) ; de- prive of.

be-sliepan tr. slip, put, clothe.

be-slltan 6 deprive of by tearing away wai.

bes(e)ma m. broom ; rod (for beating).

besm|an — ptc. ge-ed curved Gl. [bosm].

-ing/, curve Gl.

be-smierwan besmear.

be-smitan 6 defile.

be-smitennes / defilement, im- purity [besmitan].

be-smittian defile.

be-smipian work (metals), forge.

be-smocian tr. smoke, envelop with incense.

be-snaedan wai. deprive by cutting, prune.

be-snlwian snow on, cover with snow.

be-any)) J>anf, prt. -yj>ede deprive wai.

beso = baso.

be-solcen torpid, inert.

be-sorg subject of solicitude, dear to wd.

be-sorgian be sorry for ; care for, be solicitous about ; scruple, fear.

be-spanan 2, i entice, persuade.

be-spearrian*, a shut, bar.

be-sprecan 5 /;-. speak about, complain of, charge.

be-sprengan sprinkle.

be-spyrian follow tracks of, trace.

be-staeppan 2 go, proceed.

be-standjan 2 stand round, sur- round ; afflict — mid adle -en.

be-stealcian go stealthily

be-stecan 5 close, bar (door).

be-stefnjan d fringed Gl.

BESTELAN

be-stelan 4 intr., rfl. move stealthily, steal \\ tr. him sum ping on - accuse of, charge with.

be-stieman wet [steam].

be-stingan 3 thrust, push fyr

on a. set fire to.

bestredan = "bestre gdan.

be-stregdan*, -edan bestrew, cover (with earth).

be'Streowian bestrew, cover.

be-stridan 6 mount (horse).

be'Stliepan strip of, plunder wag. hie set landum.

be-strudan 7 despoil, deprive wai.

be-styrian heap up Bd.

be'Styrman assail, agitate (mind).

be-sutlian od dirty.

be-swselan scorch, burn.

be-swapan i cover, envelop ivai. or mid ; shelter against (wip), protect; -him on mod per- suade.

be-swemman make to swim [swimman].

be-swepian bind up, bandage.

be-swic, bi- deceit, treachery ; snare.

~a*, bi- m. deceiver.

-fealle/. trap.

~ol deceitful.

be-swic|an 6 deceive ; lead astray ; seduce (woman) ; offend, scandali- zare ; get the better of, conquer, disable.

-end m. deceiver, seducer.

~ung/. deception.

be'Bwician tr. escape from, evade ; wd. be free from (disease).

be'swincan 3 tr. labour at, make with labour ; till (land).

be-swingan 3 beat, flog.

be-sylian, -sw- soil, stain.

bet av. better, see god.

-lict excellent, magnificent.

betjan, oe improve ; ~ fyr make or light fire ; reform, make amends for, atone [bot].

-endf once m. builder (?).

-nes/ reparation, atonement.

be'teecan wad. hand over ; hand down (tradition) ; entrust, commit, give in charge of; appoint ; with- out d. send ; pursue, hunt.

bete, oe/. beet-root [Lt. beta].

be-teldan 3 wai. or mid cover, surround ; overwhelm (with grief) [geteld].

BETELLAN

be-tfllan rfl. clear oneself (of charge) w. apt.

be-teon 6, 7 prt. -tah, -teah,//c. -tigen, -togen accuse ; bequeath.

be'teon 7 cover ; enclose, contain.

beter a cpv. of god good.

-ian, bftrian make better ; trim (lamp) || become better.

~ung, bet(t)rung/ improvement.

be-tierwan tar.

be-tihtlian accuse.

be-tillan decoy.

be-timbran build.

be-togen(n)es f. accusation [be- teon].

betonice/. betony (a plant) \_Lt.\

be-tredan 4 tread on.

be-treppan, BB entrap, surprise (enemies' forces).

be'trymman, -trymian besiege.

betst, betest spl. of god good.

~b"oren eldest.

betuh, between = betweox.

be'tweonan, -tweonum ; bi- twihn vE. ; -twin-, -twyn-, between prp. w. d., or a. (gen. of motion) between, among — met. of social relations ; difference : hwset bip ~mannes and nytenes andgyte, gif . . Often follows case, esp. when a pronoun : cwtedon him ~. Tmesis : be seem tweo- num.

be-tweox, -n, -twoxn, -twix, -tweoh, -t(w)uh, -twih, -y-, -hs prp. w. d. ; rarely a. , which gen. implies motion, between (of space, distinction, &c.), among. time between (two dates) ; during

pissum meanwhile. Often

follows case, sometimes w. word between : hi him healdap betwuh sibbe.

-alfgednes, -aworpennes /. interjection.

-gangan vb. go between (!).

-licgan 5 lie between (!).

-sendan send between (!).

-gesett interposed.

betwinan = between an.

be-tyn|an enclose (with wall) ; shut (door), close (opening) — ute - paet folc shut out ; finish [tun].

-ing/, conclusion.

bepjian tr. bathe, foment [beep].

-ing/, hot bath ; fomentation.

[23]

BETYRNAN

be-tyrnan rfl. prostrate oneself (!).

be-bearf vb., pi. -purfon, prt. -porfte, wg. require, need.

be-p£ccan cover, conceal wai. or mid.

be'pencan consider, bear in mind — rfl. reflect ; form plan, think of; w. to entrust, abs. trust, confide.

be-pennan, -p§nian cover.

be-peodan join, associate.

be-prawan i afflict.

be-pridian, y circumvent, over- come.

be-pringan 3 wai. press on ; sur- round.

be-pryccan tr. press on.

be-puncanf once = bepg ncan.

be'pwean 2 wash, wet.

be-pweor|ian*. y — ptc. -ad de- praved Gl.

be-pyn prt. -y d(d)e thrust, push.

beuf an = bvifan.

beutan - butan.

be-wacian watch.

be-wadanf once 2 deprive (?)

be-Wfflfan wrap round, dress.

be wfflgan deceive, frustrate.

be-waegnan (!Jf once offer wda.

be-wselan wai. afflict.

be-wsbpnian deprive of weapons.

be-veaerlan pass by IN.

be-warian tr. watch over, guard ; ward off, avoid ; rfl. avoid, be- ware of w . wip a.

be-war(e)nian intr. w. wip be- ware of, guard against || tr. ward off (from oneself) w. rfl. d. : him - hellewitu.

bewarnian = bewarenian.

be-wat vb.,pl. -witon, prt. -wiste watch over ; superintend, have charge of.

be-waw|ant i — ptc. -en blown upon (by winds^ wi.

be-weallan I tr. boil away.

be-wealwian wallow.

be-weardian guard, watch, pro- tect.

be-weax]an i — ptc. -en overgrown wi.

be-wedd|ian betroth, marry.

-endlic relating to marriage.

~ung/ betrothal.

be-wefan 5 cover.

be-weganf 5 cover wai. or mid || kill.

be-welan join.

BEWENDAN

be-wendan tr. turn ; intr., rfl. turn (round).

be-wennan, -wenian entertain (hospitably).

be-weorpan 3 throw ; surround wai.

be-wep|an i bewail, mourn for.

-endlic lamentable.

be-W£r|ian defend ; prohibit.

-e(d)nes/. prohibition.

-igend m. protector.

-ung/ defence.

be-windan 3 twist round, bind, swaddle, wrap wai. or mid ; en- circle, surround — met. heafe - bewail ; brandish ; turn over (in mind).

be-witian, eo watch, observe ; watch over; perform (journey \

be-wlatian gaze at, contemplate.

be-wlitan 6 look.

bewopen/^. 0/"bewepan.

be-wrec|an 5 drive, send ; ptc . ~en beaten or afflicted all round, sur- rounded wai.

be-wrencan deceive.

be-wreon 6, 7 cover wai. or mid ; conceal ; protect w. fram.

be-writanf 6 write about (?).

be-wripan 6 bind round, encom- pass.

be-wuna adj. inded. in the custom of, wont.

be-wyrcan make) cover, surround, adorn wai. or mid, on ; wall in, imprison.

bezera = bsezere.

bicce/ female dog, bitch.

bl-cwide m. proverb.

bid («.) halt — f on ~ wrecan bring to bay, make to halt.

-ffflstt stationary.

-steallf m. halt giefan halt,

stand at bay.

bld|an 6 intr. remain, continue ; wg. await, wait for, wait long enough for, live till, w. indc. wait till || tr. endure, experience.

~ing/ abiding, abode.

biddlan 5 entreat, request, demand, challenge (to duel) wag , w. a. or g. of thing and set, w. rfl. d. : anwiges beed ; him fultumes bsed ; ~ap eow pingunge apt him ! | pray : bsed Dryhten for his peowan heclo ; bitt his sawle onlihtinge ; pus ~ende :

BIDDERE

. . but this meaning is generally expressed by gebiddan | late or doubtful command : beed hine far an.

biddere m. petitioner.

gebidd|an 5 pray, worship often w. rfl. pro. in d , IW. in a. : for fxem steDnendum gebeed ; he sceal him fore ~ ; ~ ap prere sawle ! for the soul vE. ; he noldehim;/W.hyne)~t6Gode; rarely w. thing expressed: -ure wrestma genyhtsumnesse.

bide-rip = bed-.

biecnjan, bicnian, be(a)cnian w. d. or to make signs, nod, beckon ; point out (place), indi- cate (time) ; show (with words), hint ; signify, be a symbol of ; summon [beacn].

ge~iend m. forefinger.

-iendlic allegorical ; indicative (mood).

~iendlice av. allegorically.

~ung, ~ing/ beckoning ; symbol, figure.

biecnol indicating Gl.

bieg|an (>-. (rfl.] bend, bow; turn ; force; convert (heathen); humi- liate ; overcome || intr. bend (of point of spear) [bugan].

ge-ednes/. inflection (in grammar).

(ge)~endlic flexible.

-nes/. flexibility.

~ung_/! bending, curvature.

biegels m. arch, vault.

gebifld boldness [beald].

gebielde*, i bold.

bi^ldan encourage, animate.

big Ido /. boldness.

biem e/. trampet [beam].

~ere, -esangere m. trumpeter.

~ian sound trumpet.

bierc e, eo, byre/, birch [beorc].

-holt «. birch wood.

biercen of birch.

gebierded ptc. bearded [beard].

bierntan, eo, bryhtan intr. shine [beorht].

gebierhtan tr. make bright ; heighten (beautyN, ; make clear or distinct ; make famous, celebrate |l intr. be bright, shine — also rfl.

bierhto/. brightness.

gebierm an ferment ; leaven — ptc. ~ed n. leavened bread ; ptc. ~ed puffed up, proud wi. [beorma].

[24]

BIERNAN

biernan 3, A. eo,prt. born, a intr. burn, be burnt down : seo burg barn ; seo eorpe wees to azan geburnen.

bleating (m.} thick milk, first milk of cow after calving [boost].

bletel m. mallet [beatan].

biewan*, y, eo polish.

bifian, eo tremble.

bl-fylce n. neighbouring people or region.

big = bi by.

bl-g§ng|a, be- m. cultivator (of land) ; inhabitant ; benefactor [began].

-ere m. one who plies (a trade) ; attendant.

~estre/. attendant.

~nes/! cultivation, study.

bigspell = bispell.

bi-gyrdel girdle ; purse ; trea- sury.

bile m. bird's bill, beak.

gebilod having a beak.

bl-leofawz. sustenance, food; wages.

bi-leofen, -lifen f. sustenance, food.

bile-wit, bil(i)-, bilwet-, -witt- gentle, kind ; innocent, simple [bile, hwit].

-lice av. innocently.

~nes/. innocence.

billf n. sword.

~h£te m. hostility, warfare.

-geslif ht «. sword-clash, battle.

~swaep n. sword-track, field of battle.

bi-nama m. pronoun.

gebindf n. what is bound together — wapema ~ frozen wavesf ; cos- tiveness.

bind an 3 bind , fetter — ptc . bunden (sweord) with hilt adorned with gold chainsf ; make prisoner, im- prison ; met. esp. in pass, be bound (by duty, obligation), be under constraint.

~ere m. binder.

binde/i head-band, fillet.

binn/ manger.

binnan, beinnan av., prp. w. d. within, in (of place, time^ ; into ; of quantity within, less than.

biren(e) / she-bear [bera].

biren, beren of a bear [bera].

bi-S8BC/. ^once visit (?).

bi-88BC («.) litigation.

BISCEP

BISMER-IiEOp

biscep, -op m. bishop ; high-priest, heathen chief-priest [Lt. episco- pus].

-dom m. bishopric; excommunica- tion.

-ealdor m. high-priest.

-gegierelan //. episcopal robes.

-had m. bishopric, episcopate.

-ham m. bishop's estate.

-heafodlin «. bishop's head-orna- ment.

-hiered m. clergy Gl.

-lie episcopal.

-rice n. bishopric.

-rocc m. bishop's rochet.

~acirf. diocese ; episcopate.

~setl,-seld,~se pel «. episcopal see.

-sinoj), eo m. synod of bishops.

-stol m. episcopal see, bishopric.

-sunu m. godson at confirmation.

-pegnung, -penung /. bishop's office.

~wite n. bishop's fee for visiting, procuration fee.

~wyrt/. marsh-mallow.

biscep ian, -opian confirm.

-Ting, biacpung/. confirmation.

bisn, bisen, L. y /. example, pat- tern — astellan, settan -e, ast., st. (hit) to -e set (as) example (to be imitated or avoided) ; similar case, parallel ; original (of copy) ; similitude, parable.

ge~ere m. imitator.

-ian wd. set or give an example (to) ; take example by, imitate : - on hiera unpeawum.

(ge)-ung/; example; similar case, parallel.

bisen-, y blind.

bises, i [or -iss-]f m. day added in leap-year [Z/. bissextus].

bisgo, bys(i)go /. occupation, labour ; trouble, care, affliction.

bisgjian, bys(i)gian occupy tr. andrfl., engross (mind) ; trouble, worry, afflict.

~ung/. occupation.

bisig, L. y busy, occupied.

bismer, by-, -or nm. insult, mockery — on - by way of insult ; joke ; blasphemy ; calumny ; ig- nominy, disgrace — to -e gereni- an, getawian humiliate.

-full abominable, disgraceful.

-gliw*, eo n. shameful lust.

-leas irreproachable.

bismerjleop n. scurrilous song, nenia (!).

-lie disgraceful, ignominious.

-lice av. disgracefully ; contemptu- ously.

-sprsecy. blasphemy.

-word n. insult.

bismerjan, bismran, by-, -ian insult, mock, deride ; blaspheme, revile ; disgrace, injure, ill-treat.

-iend m. mocker.

-nes/. mockery ; blasphemy.

-Ung f. mockery ; blasphemy ; in- famy, being object of contempt.

ge-ung/ illusion Gl.

bi-spell n. parable, proverb, ex- ample ; story.

-bcc/. book of proverbs.

bissexte leap-year \_Lt. bissextus].

bist (thou) art.

bita m. morsel, bit [bitan].

bit; an 6 bite — biton heora tep him togeanes gnashed their teeth at him ; cut, wound.

-a m. wild beast.

bit|e m. bite ; cutting, (sword) cut ; cancer.

-mfelum av. piecemeal.

bitel m. beetle.

biter, tt bitter ; painful, severe (grief, &c. ) ; fierce [bitan].

-e, bitre av. severely, very.

-lice av. severely : - wepan.

-nesf. bitterness.

-wyrde severe in speech, bitter.

~wyrt-drenc m. bitter drink.

biterian be bitter ; make bitter.

bitol bridle [bitan].

bitol*, bitela biting Gl.

gebitt n. — topa- gnashing of teeth [bitan].

bip is.

biwaune, see bewawan.

bi-wist/l sustenance, provisions.

bi-word «. proverb, saying; ad- verb.

bizant m. bezant, a gold coin [Lt. Byzanteum].

blac bright, white ; pale.

~ern, se n. lantern.

-hleorf white- or pale-cheeked, fair (woman).

-ian become pale.

~ung/. pallor.

blte-haewen, blaewen, blslhwen light blue.

bloBC n. ink.

[25]

blSBC black bgxige blackberry ;

swarthy, dark-complexioned.

-feaxede black-haired.

-gimm m. jet.

-pytt m. naphtha-pit.

~te(o)ru n. naphtha.

-prust m. leprosy.

blsec n. leprosy.

blsecan make pale, bleach [blac].

blaecern = blacern lantern.

blfflco/. pallor [blac].

blffld n. leaf; blade (of oar).

bleed I. m. blowing, blast ; breath ; inspiration; life II prosperity, glory; plenty, riches. II. f. shoot, flower, truit ; harvest, crops. See bled [blawan].

~agend(e)f m. prosperous, glori- ous.

-belig, y m. bellows.

-daegf m. day of prosperity.

-fSBStf, ge- glorious.

-faestnes*, bleof-/. delight.

ge-fflBStnes f. sustenance, provi- sions.

-giefaf m. giver of prosperity.

-horn m. trumpet.

-welat- m. riches, plenty.

blsednessay^/. blossoms.

blaaddre =- blsedre.

bl£ed(d)re /. blister; bladder [blawan].

blfflge/ gudgeon.

blaes m. blowing, blast. Cp. blsest.

-belg m. bellows.

blaes[e,-ase/ torch, fire. C/.blyse.

-ere m. incendiary.

blsest m. blowing, blast, wind ; flame, glare [blawan].

-belg, blast- m. bellows.

blsestan blow.

blsetan bleat.

bljewen =bl8B-haewen.

blagettan weep.

blanca (,f) m. steed, horse.

bland once — gebland.

geblandf n. what is mixed to- gether, commotion.

blandjanf i b mix : ptc. ge-en mixed, disturbed ; infected, cor- rupted, injured iv. t. (g. once}.

-en-feaxf having mixed-coloured or grey hair, old.

blase = blase.

blast = blsest.

blatf onte sound, cry (?).

blatf pale, livid. Cp. bleat.

BLATE

BLICETTUNG

BLOD-SPIWUNG

blatje av. : -e forbsernan tr. burn with livid flame (?).

~ian* be pale.

-ende pale.

blawjan i intr. blow (of wind) ; blow (with mouth 1, breathe; snort (of horse) ; be blown, sound : -ende bieman || tr. blow (trum- pet) ; inflate (bladder).

-ere m. one who blows furnace).

-ung/ blowing (trumpet).

bleat t bringing misery, once. Cp. blat.

~ef av. miserably once.

bleap timid, sluggish.

blece m. blight [blaec].

blecpa m. blight [blsec].

bled/, shoot, branch ; fruit, flower [blowan].

-hwffltf once quick-growing (?).

bledjan bleed — se ~enda fie a disease [blod].

bledsian = bletsian.

bledu/ dish, bowl, cup.

blegen, blegne/ boil, ulcer ; blister.

blegne = blegen.

blencan deceive, cheat.

blendan blind ; deceive [blind!.

bleo, bleoh [by an. </feoh, feos], g. bleos, dpi. bleo(wu)m n. colour ; appearance, form.

-bordf n. chess-board.

-brygd-f pi- various colours, changing colours.

-craft m. embroidery.

-fag parti-coloured.

-read purple.

-staining/! mosaic work.

gebleo, -bleoh «. colour [bleo].

gebleod variegated [bleo].

bleoh = bleo.

bleowum, see bleo.

blere ; blerig (?) bald.

bleri-pittel, bleria pyttel (m.} mouse-hawk.

blets|ian, blcedsian bless, conse- crate [blod I.

~ing-b63 f. book of formulae for blessing.

-ing-sealm m. the Benedicite.

-ung/. blessing.

blician shine, appear [blican].

blican 6 shine, glitter ; appear, be laid bare (ofbon?).

blice m. laying bare, exposure (of bone through wound) [blican].

blicettan glitter, vibrate.

blicettung/ coruscation.

blind blind ; unintelligent ; dark

(prison) slite wound whose

opening is not visible, seo ~e netele blind (non-stinging") nettle.

ge-fellian blindfold.

-lice av. blindly ; thoughtlessly.

-nes/. blindness.

~pearm m. caecum. Or blind pearm (?).

blinn cessation — buton -e.

blinnan 3 intr. cease ; be vacant ((/bishopric) ; desist from, forfeit iv. g. or fram [ = belinnan].

blisgere = blysiere.

bliss, blips /. joy, merriment, happiness ; friendship, grace, be- nevolence [blipe].

-ian, bllpsian rejoice w . g. or ofer, on. ~ian, blitsian [in/I, of bletsian] gladden ; make pros- perous, endow.

-igendlic exulting.

igeiblissung/ rejoicing, joy.

blip|e joyful, merry ; kind, gentle ; calm, peaceful ; pleasant.

-e, -elice av. gladly, kindly.

-heort cheerful ; friendly.

~(e)mod cheerful ; friendly.

-nes/ joy, happiness.

blips = bliss.

bli wum, see bleo.

blod «. blood es flownes flux of

blood ; vein. - (for)le§tan bleed.

-drynee m. bloodshed.

-egesaf m. sanguinary horror.

-fagf bloodstained.

-forlffltan i b bleed Bd.

-geotende sanguinary.

-gita m. shedder of blood [Cp. agieta. Or formed from -gyte (?)].

-gyte m. bleeding ; bloodshed.

-hrsecung/ spitting blood.

-(h'Teow sanguinary.

-iernende having issue of blood Bd.

-l8fes;wu), g. -l»s(w)e blood- letting, bleeding.

-labtere m. blood -letter.

-leas bloodless.

-gemgnged bloodstained.

-ore m. sacrificial vessel.

-read blood-red.

-reow = -hreow.

~ryne m. flux of blood, issue.

-seax «. lancet.

[26]

blodjspiwung, blotspiung /. spitting blood.

-wite n. fine for bloodshed Gl.

-wyrt /. bloody dock.

blodig bleeding; bloodstained.

-topf with bloodstained teeth.

blodgian be bloodthirsty Gl. ; cover with blood.

bloma m. moss of metal.

blostm a, blosma, blostm m. blossom, flower.

-bafere, -berende flowery.

-freols m. floral festival Gl.

-ian blossom.

;ge)b!6t n. heathen sacrifice of human beings — to blote gedon kill as a sacrifice.

blot an i sacrifice ivda., w.d. and mid.

-ere sacrificer Gl.

-monap m. November.

-ung/ sacrificing.

blow an i bloom, flower — ptc. ge~en blooming.

-endlic blooming.

blycgan terrify.

blys|a, i m., ~(ig)e / torch, fire. Cp. blaese.

-iere, blisgere m. incendiary.

blyscan blush.

bon = bogan boast.

boc,//. bee, oe,/. book ; document, charter [bece].

-secer m. field granted by charter.

-blsec*, e n. ink.

-ciest/. book-chest.

-craft m. literature.

-crajftig learned.

-fell n. vellum.

-hord m., -hus n. library.

-lajden «. literary Latin.

-land /. land held by charter.

-lar/ learning, doctrine.

-lie of books, literary, biblical.

-rffldere m. reader.

-rffiding/. reading books.

-read «. vermilion.

-riht «. right of granting by char- ter.

-gestreon «. library.

-tfflcing/ teaching by book ; Scrip- ture.

-talu/ Scripture.

bocian grant by charter wda. ; furnish with books.

bocere author ; Scribe.

bee/, beech.

BOC-HOLT

BONDELAND

BOTM

boc|holt n. beech-copse. -scield m. shield of beech-wood, -stfflf m. letter, character ; Runic

letter.

-treow n. beech. -wudu m. beech-forest. i>ge)bod n. command, precept. (ge)-scipe m. message, command, bodlac decree vL. bod|ian wda. announce, proclaim,

preach ; foretell, prophecy. ~ere m. teacher IN. -igend m. preacher. -igendlic to be proclaimed. -ungyi preaching. - ung-dseg m. Annunciation-day. boda m. messenger, herald, angel,

apostle ; prophet. bodan^botm. bode/r/. 0/"b6gan. bodig «. trunk, body ; stature. bog m. shoulder, arm ; bough,

branch (of tree) ; progeny. -incel n. small bough. -scield m. shoulder-shield. bog]an, bon, bogian, prt. bode

boast, also rfl.

-ung, boiing/. boasting, arrogance, bogian L. intr. dwell, take up

one's abode w . rfl. d. \\ tr. inhabit

[buan]. bog|a m. bow (to shoot with) ;

bend, fold [bugan]. -efodder m. quiver, -enett, -anett n. basket for catch- ing fish.

bogetung/ curve Gl. [boga]. b61, oo eel.

bolca m. gangway (of ship). bold «. dwelling, house, palace

[botl].

-agendf m. house-owner, -getffll n. regular dwelling-place ;

district, region, -getimberf «. house. ~welaf ni. wealth, (splendid)

dwelling-place.

bolgen-modt angry [belgan]. bolla m. bowl, bolster n. bolster, pillow, bolstrian support with pillows. bolt m. bolt, arrow, bony", ornament of a ship. -ian polish, burnish. bonda, u m. householder ; free

man, plebeian ; husband. \JScand.

bondi].

bondeland «. leased land (?) vL.

bor gimlet.

~ian bore, perforate.

borllce av. accurately, exactly,

very.

borcian bark [beorcan]. bord «. board, plank ; table ;fshield ;

framework, side of ship — on ~e

in a ship, on board. -haebbende warrior, -haga m. testudo, phalanx. -hreojja, e m. phalanx ; shield, -gelac n. weapon. ~rand m. shield. -rima m. rim. -steep n. shore, -paca m. testudo. -weall m. phalanx; shield; shore,

landing-place. -wudu m. shield. borda m. fringe. geboren born, own (kinsman,

brother) [beran]. borettan brandish [beran]. borg m. pledge, security, bail ;

person who gives security, surety ;

debtor.

-bryce m. breach of surety or bail, -fasst bound by pledge, dependent

on. -fflBstan wda. bind by pledge —

~ pain cyninge. -gielda m. debtor ; money-lender,

usurer, creditor. -handy! pledger, surety. -leas without security, for which no

pledge has been given, -gellefde*, e pledge, security Gl.

Or = two words (?). -wedd «. pledge. borglan borrow w. set ; lend. -iena m. money-lender, usurer. bosig, -ih cow-stall IN. bosm, bosum m. bosom, breast ;

womb.

-ig curved Gl. bot /. mending ; remedy, cure ;

compensation, satisfaction, atone- ment, repentance, -ettan keep in repair, -leas what cannot be compensated, -wierfe what can be compensated. botl, ge- n. dwelling, house, build- ing.

-gestreon n. household property. -weard m. steward, -wela m. village.

[27]

botm, bodan m. bottom ; ship's keel.

boj>, set bogan.

bojjen rosemary ; thyme ; darnel.

box (*».) box-tree; box [Lt.buxus].

-treow n. box-tree.

brac-hwil = bearhtm-hwil mo- ment.

braccas once mpl. breeches.

brad- roasting.

-hlaf m. toast.

-panne/ frying-pan.

brad, cpv. bradra, SB broad, wide,

spacious hand open hand,

palm | copious.

-e av. far and wide.

-aexy! broad axe.

-brimf «. ocean.

-last- sexy, broad axe.

-eleac m. broad leek.

-nes f. surface ; extent ; liberality heortan.

-pistel m. sea-holly.

bradian be broad ; extend w. fram . . oj> || tr. spread, rheum [brecan]. . epilepsy.

-seoc, ge- lunatic, epileptic.

gebrsec, ~eo phlegm, cough.

brsfedf once flesh (?).

braed = braegd trick.

br&d-isen n. chisel.

braed an tr. broaden, extend (terri- tory) ; increase, extend (fame) ; expand (wings), stretch out (hands ) || intr. and rfi. extend ; grow (of trees) [brad].

-els m. covering, carpet.

-ing/ spreading (fame).

br fifed | an roast; fry.

-epanne, -ing-panne f. frying- pan.

br&de roast meat.

breedo/. breadth ; extent.

braegd, e, breed m. trick, deceit [cp. gebregd].

-boga m. treacherous bow.

-en crafty.

-W1S crafty.

(ge)braBgden, e cunning.

ge~lice av. cunningly.

brsedra, a cpv. (/brad.

braegen, bra- «. brain.

-locaf m. head.

-panne*, br»gp-/ skull.

-S6OC brain-sick.

braanivb)el = bremel.

BRECTJNG

BRENTHSTG

braes n. brass.

~en of brass ; fbold, mighty.

brs&p m. odour ; exhalation, vapour.

brabw, breaw, breag, A. breg m. eyelid.

bran-.

-wyrtf. bilberry bush.

brand m. fire-brand ; fire ; sword, «/.f.

~hat ardent (love, hate).

-hordf m. R.

-isen n. fire-dog, grate.

~6m rust produced by burning, hammer scales.

~rad/, -rida, e m. fire-dog, grate.

-stefnt - brant-.

brantf lofty, high (ship) ; deep (water).

~stefn*, brondstsefnf steep- prowed (ship).

brasian, ga do brass-work [braes].

gebras(t)l «. crackling (of flames;.

brastl ian crackle, rattle (of thun- der, falling tree, fire).

~ung, barstlung f. crackling, crashing sound.

bratt cloak IN. [Celtic].

bread «., pi. ~ru morsel, crumb ; bread.

gebre(a)dadf regenerated.

breag = brsew.

breahtm, e, A. SB; bearhtm, eo, y noise, clamour [brecan].

~ian*, brehtnian, bearhtmian resound.

breahtm, breorht atom

[bearhtm].

breahtm = bearhtm glance.

breard = brerd.

breap once brittle.

breaw = braew eyelid.

breawern^breow- brew-house.

brec breeches, //. of broc.

-hrfflgl «. breeches.

gebrec n. noise, clamour.

-drencwz. emetic. CV=gebrsec-(?).

brec|an 4 tr. break, burst, burst through, penetrate, break down, take by storm (town, fortress) ! violate (oath, peace), break (com- mand), curtail, injure, annul | urge, in hine firwet brsec he felt curiosity or desire || rfl. retch — ongann hine ~ to sprwenne || intr. burst forth (of stream), be violent (of wind) ; make one's way with effort, burst.

brecung/. breaking (bread) brecpaf m. grief. bred board ; surface ; tablet (of stone).

-en ^ briden of boards.

bre(o)dwianf prostrate.

brefan epitomize, set down in writing [Z/. brevis].

breg an terrify, induce by intimi- dation w. sbj. [broga].

~nes/. terror.

brega = brego.

bregd = braegd trick.

gebregd «. change (of weather) || skill, cunning [bregdan; cp. brsegd].

-stafasf mpl. learning.

bregdan, bredan, prt. brsegd, breed,//, brugdon, brudon,//<r. brogden, broden tr. often w. i. of thing in E., always a. in IW. move quickly i, hands in swimming, oars'), brandish, drag, pull, draw (sword1), put : - sweord'e1), sweord of sceape, rap on his sweoran ; throw (in wrestling) ; draw (breath) | weave | change (colour), transform (of wizard) : -bleom, he breed his hiw (form) | deceive || rfl. pretend : he gebreed hine seocne || intr. be transformed w. on.

(ge)bregden = brsegden cunning.

bregof m. chief, prince, king.

-rice n. kingdom.

-rof niighty.

-stol m. throne; principality, king- dom.

-weard m. chief, king.

brehtm = breahtm.

bremb|el, ~er=bremel.

brem|e [oe?], ef celebrated, illus- trious, famous, noble.

~e av. gloriously.

~an celebrate, commemorate.

-endlic celebrated.

bremel, brembel, brember, as m. bramble.

-seppel m., -berige n. blackberry.

-brer m. bramble.

-leaf n. bramble-leaf.

-rind/ bramble-rind.

-pyrne/ bramble.

bremjman, *br§mian resound, roar.

-ung/! roaring.

brengan = bringan.

[28]

brentingt m- ship [brant].

breord = brerd.

breosa m. gadfly.

breost n. often pi., m. breast,

chest ; mind, heart. -ban «. breast-bone. -byden, e/. breast, chest, -beorg/, -gebeorg n. bulwark. -byden f. chest, thorax Gl. -carufy". anxiety, -cofaf m. mind, heart, -hordf m. mind, heart. -gehygdf, -gehyd fn. thought,

mind.

-lln n. breast-cloth, -locaf m. mind, -nettf n. corslet. -rocc m. chest-clothing, -sefaf m. mind, heart, -togaf m. chief, -gepancf m. thought, mind, -gewebdef n. corslet. ~wserc m. pain in the chest. -weall m. bulwark. -weorpungt f. ornament on

breast, -wielmf m. teat ; agitation of

mind.

breotanf 7 break, destroy, kill. Breoten = Breten. breoton-f- once spacious. breow an 7 brew. -era*, ea «. brew-house. -lac, bryw- «. brewing. brer, se m. briar. brerd, eo, ea m. brim, border ;

bank ; surface. -full brimful.

Breten, eo, y, i, tt, -on/. Britain. -land n. Britain ; Wales. See also

under Brettas. -wealda, Bretw- chief king of

Britain.

Brett as, y, i, Britas mpl. Bri- tons.

-land «. Britain, -wealas, -walas mpl. Britons, -wielisc*, Brytwylsc British. breper d. o/"bropor. bridd, IN. pi. birdas, m. young

bird ; chicken, bridel m. bridle, -pwang m. bridle-thong. bridels m. bridle. -hring m. bi idle-ring. briden, e (wall) of boards [bred]. bridlian bridle, restrain.

BRIESAN

BROD

BRUN-WAUN

bries|an*, y bruise ; season (food)'

ge-ednes/ crushing.

brig = briw.

brigd («.) once change [gebregd'

bregdan]. -briht, see beorht. brihtan = bierhtan. brimf, y \confusion w. brymme"'

n. sea, ocean, water (of sea.) gen. pt' -ceald sea-cold. -clif n. sea-cliff. -farop «. sea-shore. -flod m. sea ; deluge. -fugol m. sea-bird, -giest m. sailor. -hengest m. ship, -hlaest m. fishes. -lady, sea-way. -lipend(e) m. mariner, -maim m. sailor, pirate, -nesen (?) safe sea-passage. -rad/. sea. -steep «. sea-shore, -stream m. sea's current, sea '

broad river, -pisa m . ship.

-wielm m. sea-surge, waves. ~wisa m. sea-captain. -wudu m. ship. ~wylf f. sea-wolf, she-wolf of thr

lake.

bring once m. offering, sacrifice, bringjan, § wk., t3 ptc. brohf

fbrungen bring ; bring forth'

produce (fruits). ~nes/. oblation, bringje*/. chest (?). -adl/. epilepsy (?). Briten = Breten. Brittas = Brettas. Brittisc, y, Brytisc British

[Brettas].

briw, briig m. pottage, porridge. briwan prepare (food). broc n. affliction ; labour ; disease

[brecan].

~ian afflict ; injure, maim ; oppress' -lie full of hardship. ~ung/. affliction ; illness. gebroc n. fragment ; affliction'

trouble.

broc m. brook, -minte/. brookmint. broc/. trousers | //. brec, » breech'

hind quarters ; trousers. brocc m. badger. ~en (coat) of badger's skin.

brod/. brood, also of bees ; fetus.

-ig broody (hen).

broddian be luxuriant =bror- dian* ?).

broden//f. of bregdan.

brodettan = brogdettan.

brogja m. terror, prodigy, danger.

-preaf, broh- m. dire calamity.

brogden, br6den/>Ar.<7/~bregdan.

~mcfelt once n. inlaid sword. Or = broden msel (?).

brogdett an, brodettan bran- dish || intr. tremble.

-ung/ trembling; figment Gl.

brogn-, ge~ branch, twig IN.

brord m. point ; first blade of grass, young plant.

brom. m. broom (the plant).

-fasten «. thicket of broom (?) Gl.

brosn ian crumble, decay ; perish, pass away.

-iendlic, ge~odlic corruptible.

(ge)-ung/. corruption, ruin.

gebrot n. fragment [_breotan].

brop n. broth [breowan].

bropor, d. breper, pi. ~, ge~, bropru m. brother lit. and Jig. ; monk.

-banaf m. fratricide (person).

-cwealmf m. fratricide (action).

-dohtor/ niece.

-gieldfw. vengeance for brothers (?).

-leas brotherless.

-lie fraternal.

-licnes/. brotherliness.

-reeden(n)/ brotherhood.

-sibb f. relationship between brothers ; brotherly love.

-slaga m. fratricide (person1!.

-siege m. fratricide (action).

-sunu m. nephew.

-pinen = beorpor-pignen.

-wif n. sister-in-law.

-wyrt/. pennyroyal.

gebropor, -bropru mpl. brothers.

-scipe m. brotherhood.

bru /., pi. ~(w)a, gpl. ~na eye- brow ; eyelid, eyelash.

brucan 7 wg., rarely i. or a. make use of, enjoy — brocen worn (coat) ; eat ; spend (life) ; possess, keep.

brun brown.

-baso purple.

-ecgf brown-edged (sword).

-epa m. erysipelas.

-fag brown-coloured.

[29]

brun wann dark brown, -wyrty! water-betony. brycian -aid. benefit [bryce]. bryc|e I. m. breaking; fragment.

II. aj. brittle, worthless [bjecan]. -maSlum*, bre- av. piecemeal, gebryce once breaking. bryce m. making use of, use, enjoy- ment [brucan]. bryce, yf useful [brucan]. brycg/. bridge, -bet/ bridge-repair. -ian make a bridge, also abs. (of

ice) ; make plank path, -weard m. bridge-defender, -geweorc «. bridge-construction, brycsian wd. benefit [bryce]. bryd/ bride; -(-wife ; fwoman. -bedd n. nuptial bed. -bletsung/. blessing the bride. -boda m. bridesman. -bur, -cofa m. bridal chamber. ~ealo(p) «. marriage feast. -giefu/. dowry ; //. wedding, -gift/, betrothal. -guma m. bridegroom. -lac npl. marriage ; married life, -leop «. epithalamium. -;e)lic bridal. -loca m. bridal chamber. ~16p n. wedding L. \_Scand.~\. -lufef/. love of a bride, -niht/. wedding-night. -reaf n. wedding-dress. -rest/ nuptial bed. -sang m. marriage song. -ping npl. nuptials. bryd = brygd. brydjian — ptc. ge-od married

(woman) [bryd]. brygd, bryd drawing (weapon)

[bregdan]. -bryht, see beorht. bryhtan = bierhtan. brymme m. border, shore (of sea) ;

sea. Cp. brim, bryne m. burning, flame(s), fire ;

inflammation (of body) [biernan]. -adl/ fever, -brogaf m. fire-terror. -gieldf n. burnt-offering. -hatf burning hot. -leomaf #*. flame, -tearf m. hot tear, -wielmf m. conflagration, bryne (m.) brine, brynig fiery [bryne].

BRYRDAN

BUL

BURG-SPR^C

bryrdjan stimulate [brordj.

-nes f. stimulus.

Bry ten = Breten.

bryten-f. Cp. breoton.

-cyning m. great king.

-grund m. spacious earth.

-rice n. spacious kingdom.

-wangas mpl. the world.

brytn|ian deal out, distribute, ar- range [breotan].

-ere m. steward.

-ung/. distribution.

brytofta//. wedding [bryd, poft].

(ge)brytseny fragment.

gebryttan, ptc. -bryted break to pieces ; destroy [breotan].

bryttjaf m. distributor (of wealth), perpetrator <,of crime), Lord (of heaven, glory, &c.).

~ian tear to pieces, divide; distri- bute ; possess, enjoy ; share, exercise : maegen ~ wip metode (of Satan).

Bryttas = Brettas.

Bryttisc - Brittisc.

brypen brewing — an ~ mealtes ; drink, beverage [brop].

bu/>/. by n. dwelling.

bfijan, bun, bugan, bu(g)ian, buwian, bogian prt. bude, ptc. gebu(e)n, gebud int. d\vell || /;-. inhabit, occupy (house) ; cultivate (land).

-end m. inhabitant.

buc m. pitcher ; stomach.

bucc m. buck, male deer ; beaver (of helmet).

bucca m. he-goat.

bufan, be'ufan av., prp. w. d., or a. (expressing motion) above, higher than ; above, away from : be Lygan, xx mila ~ Lunden- byrig ; superiority, above, pier - &c. above mention in book [ufan].

-cweden, -ngmd above-men- tioned.

bugan 7 intr. bow down, stoop ; bend, swerve (sideways or up and down) | turn, go ; flee w. fram turn (the mind) : -to htepenscipe become a heathen, -to woruld- pingum, - fram yfele avoid ; go over to, submit w. to, rarely w. d. only — ptc. gebogen converted Uo Christianity).

bugan = buan dwell.

buian^buan.

bul, -a ornament [/,/. bulla]. -berende wearing an ornament

Gl. bul|a m. bull (?) an wylle

Ct.

bulentse/. a plant. bulluc m. bull-calf. bulot cuckoo-flower. bunda = bonda. bunden/fr. ^/"bindan bind. -heordf (1).

-stefnat with bound prow, ge-nes/i obligation. bune/. cup.

bur m. chamber ; cottage, villa. -cniht m. chamberlain. -cot n. bedroom. -reaf «. tapestry, -geteldf n. pavilion. ~pegn, -pen m. chamberlain, gebur ni. peasant, farmer, -gerihtu npl. peasants' rights or

dues.

-scipe m. neighbourhood. burg, bur(u)h, //. byrig, burga

f. fortified place ; (fortified) town,

city.

-agend f m. city-possessor. ~b6tf. repairing fortress. -bryce m. burglary; fine for bur- glary.

-ealdor m. mayor, -fsestenf n. fortress. -geard m. castle-yard. -geat n. city-gate. -geat-setl n. law-court held at

city-gate. ~hli.pt n. city-slope [confusion w.

beorg-hlip ?]. -lagu/ civil law. -landf n. native city, -leode mpl. citizens, -locaf m. city. -mann, byrig- m. citizen, -gemot n. meeting of townsmen, -rgcedf n. city-dwelling, -rfflden(n) /. citizenship, -gerefa m. chief magistrate of a

town.

-run(e)/ sorceress, -saelf n. house. -SSBta m. citizen. -scipe m. municipality, -sciry! corporation, city, -selef m. house. -sittend(e)t m. citizen, -sittende city -dwelling mann.

[30]

burgjsprsfec/. urbane speech.

-steallf m. city.

-stedef m. city.

-tun m. city.

-pelu/. castle-floor.

-pegn = burpegn (?).

-gepincp (?) town-council LL.

-ware, -an //., -u /. coll. citizens ; -u city.

-waru-mann m. citizen.

-wealda m. alderman.

~\veall m. city-wall.

-weardf, byrig- m. city-defender, citizen.

-weg m. street.

-welaf m. city-wealth.

-werod n. crowd of citizens.

-wigend m. warrior.

-wita m. town-councillor.

burn|e f., burn(n)a, brunna in. stream, brook.

-selef m. bath-house.

bute = buton.

buterje/. butter \Lt. butyrum].

-fleoge, buttor-,/ butterfly.

-stoppa m. butter-vessel.

~gepweor «. butter.

buton, butan ; bute (cj.} W. I. av. outside. II. prp. w. d , and rarely a. (to express motion} outside ; without ; free from : - hseftniede ; against, without : - pees cyninges leafe, - leodrihte ; except - - paru pe cj. besides that w. ind. III. cj. w. sbj. unless ; w. ind. ex- cept that ; but ; without »/>. except.

butruc, bute-, butu- m. Lather bottle.

butse-carl m. sailor L.

buttuc m. end ; piece of land : on pa -as Ct.

butu, see begen.

by, see bu.

bycgan buy w. set ; get done, see after.

bydel m. messenger, herald, fore- runner ; beadle, police-officer [beodan].

byden f. vessel, tub, barrel ; a measure, bushel.

-botm in. bottom of a vessel.

-ffflt n. bushel.

byffan mutter.

byge m. traffic [bycgan].

byge m. curve ; corner ; cone (of helmet) [bugan].

gebygel obedient = gebeogol.

BYHT

BYRDE

BYRGEN-STOW

byht m. bend [bugan].

byht n. dwelling [buan].

by Ida t m. builder [bold].

byle, byl m. boil, carbuncle.

byled-breostf puff-breasted.

byl(i g, A. bflg, se m. leather bag or bottle ; bellows [belgan].

bylgan bellow.

byndel(l)e, i f. binding (a man) [bindan].

byne inhabited, cultivated [buan].

gebyr ian impers. wd. happen : him -ede pset he wees . . ; be fitting, proper || personal happen : him nied ~ede — him ~ede paet feorh earfopllce he recovered with difficulty ; befit : stor ~ep to Codes pegnunge; be assigned to (the devil) [beran].

-edlic suitable.

-edlice av. conveniently.

byrd f. birth, pi. in sg. meaning [beran].

-scipe m. child-bearing.

gebyrd, ~o f. often pi. w. sg. meaning birth ; parentage : good birth, high rank ; condition, nature — on ~ -\ according to fate or in order (?).

-boda m. announcer of (Christ's) birth.

-daeg m., -tid/ birthday.

-wiglere, -witega m. astrologer.

gebyrd burdened IN.

byrd|an fringe, embroider [borda].

-icge/ embroideress.

byrde of high birth or rank

[beran].

gebyrde innate, natural wd. -lice av. (besiege) vigorously or

methodically. Cp. gebyrd. byref, //. ~, -as m. son ; youth, byre m. mound, (ge)byre m. opportunity; time,

period.

gebyrelic suitable, agreeing. byre n. (cattle)stall ; shed, hut

[bur]. byrel|e, byrle m, cupbearer, butler

[beran]. -ian give to drink, serve with liquor

ivda.

byres/ borer, chisel [bor]. byrg d. ^burg. gebyrg — beon on ~e tad. help,

protect [beorgan]. gebyrg*, i n. IN. taste. byrga, byriga m. one who gives

bail, surety [borg]. byr(i)gjan bury [beorgan]. ge-ednes/. burial. -end m. burier. ~ere m. corpse-bearer. -nes/ burying. -sang m. dirge. byr(i)g an taste ; eat. ~n.es/ taste.

byrgels m. burial-place ; tomb. -leop n., -sang m. dirge, byrgen(n)/ sepulchre, tomb. • -leop n. epitaph. ~sang m, dirge.

byrgen-stow/ burial-plnce.

-byrht-, see beorht, bierhtan.

by rig d. oj burg.

byrla m. body, barrel (of horse).

byrn|e/ corslet.

-hamf m. corslet.

-wigaf, ~wig(g)endf m. warrior.

ge~od corsleted.

byrst m. loss, injury [berstan].

-full calamitous vL.

-ig broken.

byrst, vE. bryst (])/. bristle.

byrstan roar IN.

byrp* birth [beran].

-pignenu*, -pin-/ midwife.

byrpen(n), byrden / burden,

load; impost, charge [beran]. -medium av. by loads. -strang strong for burdens (of

dor\key). byrpere, byrpre I. m. bearer (of

corpse) ; support ; horse, &c. ifor

riding or driving). II./ she who

bears (a child), mother, byrpestre/ carrier. bytljan, -ian build ; fortify [botl]. -a m. builder.

(ge)-ung/ act of building ; edifice. gebytle «. edifice, house bytm e, bypme, bypne bottom ;

keel (of ship) [botm]. -ing/ bottom, ground floor (of ark). bytt / leather bottle, wine-skin ;

cask.

-fylling/ filling casks. byxen of box-wood [box].

c

CAFSTRIAN

caefer-tun = cafor-.

caefester («.) halter [Lt. capis-

trum].

cfflg, -e/ key. -bora m. key-bearer -hierde m. key-keeper, -loca m. keeping under lock and key. Gaelic — calic. caeppe/ hood ; cap [Lt. cappa].

caeren = ceren. caerfille - cerfille. caerse = cerse cress. caf prompt ; active ; bold. ~e, -lice av. promptly ; boldly. -lie bold.

-scipe m. activity ; courage. cafor- tun, ea, csefer- m. court- yard, vestibule ; hall, mansion.

[31]

cafstrian bridle, curb [csefes-

ter].

cal = cawel cabbage. calan 2 be cold intr. : hine caslp,

him cselp. calc sandal ; horse- shoe* \_Lt. cal-

ceus].

-randt shoed (horse) (?). calca-trippe = colte-traeppe.

CALEND

CANNE

CASERLIC

calend, af m. calend ; month ;

fallotted time, span of life \_Lt.

calendae j. calic, c$l(i)c m. cup, chalice [Lt.

calicem].

calo, g. calwes bald. calwa m. mange [calo]. cal wer = cealer. cama -m. muzzle, collar [Lt.

camus]. eamb I. m. comb ; (cocks)comb,

crest (of helmet). II. /. honey- comb.

~iht crested.

camel m. camel \_Lt. camelus]. cammoc m. (?) a plant, camp m. battle, war, contest [Lt.

campus]. -dom. m.,~ha.d m., ~reeden(n)t

f. contest, war. -ealdor m. general. -gefera m. fellow-soldier. ~gimm m. precious gem. -stede \ m. battle-field. -wsepenf n. weapon. -werod n. army, -wigf n. battle. -wisa m. champion, -wuduf m. shield. gecamp («.) warfare. camp|ian fight. ~ung/". fighting. gecampian gain by fighting, gecanc (n.*) derision. canceler m. chancellor vL. [/Lt.

cancellarius]. cancer, -or m. • -adl f. cancer

[Lt. cancer].

cancett|an, -etan cackle (in laugh- ing), deride. -ung/. loud laughter. candel, g. ~le /., n. candle [Lt.

candela].

-bora m. acolythus. ~leoht candle-light, -rasesse/! Candlemas, -snietels*, y m. snuffers. -stfflf m., -sticca m., -treow n.

candlestick.

-twist (m.} pair of snuffers Gl. -weoce/! wick, -wyrt/i mullein, cann /. cognizance, asseveration ;

clearance (from accusation), cann, ge- vt>., pi. cunnon, prt.

cupe know ; experience ; know

how to, be able.

canne/. can.

canonic m. canon (person) [Lt.~].

-lie canonical.

Cant- war |e, C?nt- pi. people of

Kent.

-aburg/! Canterbury. ~am.£egj>y. people of Kent. cantel m. or n. buttress, support. cantel-cap m.L., canter-cseppe

f. cope (vestment). canterje m. singer [Lt. canto], -stafas mpl. (?) Ct. cantic m. canticle, sacred song \_Lt.

canticum .

capian once turn, face intr. capellan m. chaplain vL. [/>*.]. capitol m. chapter (cathedral or

monastic) ; chapter (of book) \_Lt.

capitulum]. -hus «. chapter-house. -msBssey. first mass, capun (m.) capon, fowl [/r.]. carcern, cea-, -sern; I A. car-

crsenn ; carcern-ern n. prison

[Z^. career, sern]. -weard m. jailor. c(e)arian care, reck w. ymb ;

sorrow, be anxious [cam]. caric- dry fig \_Lt. carica]. carl, ea m. man es wfen

Charles's Wain, constellation of

the Great Bear \_Scand. ~\. -fugol m. male bird. -mann m. male, man. carr m. stone, rock IN. {Celtic}. carte f. paper, piece of paper ;

deed, document [Lt. charta]. car(U, ea/. anxiety, grief, trouble,

care.

-full anxious ; solicitous, careful. -fullice av. carefully, diligently. -fulnes/. anxiety ; solicitude, -gast't' m. sad spirit, demon, -gealdorf n. song of sorrow, -igt anxious, sad ; painful (bonds). -leas free from anxiety, cheerful. -leasnes, -least f. freedom from

care.

~(e)lice av. wretchedly, -seldf n. place of sorrow, -sijjf m. sad journey, fate, -sorgt/ anxious sorrow, -wielmt m. flood of care. case-bill ? n. club Gl. caser|e m. emperor [Z/. Caesar], -dom m, emperor's rule. -ing m. a coin.

[32]

caser|lic imperial.

~n/ empress.

casol (m.) short cloak.

cassoc m. sedge, coarse grass.

-leaf «. sedge-leaf.

castel «. village [Lt. castellum].

castel Z. m. castle [_Fr.].

~mann m. castle-man.

-weall m. castle-, city-wall.

-weorc n. castle-building.

castenere (m.~) cabinet, chest.

catt m., catte/ cat.

cawel, caul, cal m. cabbage [Z/. caulis].

-leaf n. cabbage-leaf.

-ssbd n. cabbage-seed.

-stela m. cabbage-stalk.

-wyrm m. caterpillar.

caw(e)l, ceawl, eo, cowel m. basket.

ceac ;«. pitcher, jug, basin.

-bora m. yoke for carrying buckets, &c.

ceao\e/. jaw.

-ban n. jaw-bone.

ceaf n. chaff.

-fine m. chaffinch.

ceafl.*, csefl (m.) halter.

ceafl m. jaw.

ceafor m. cockchafer, beetle.

ceahhettjan, -etan laugh loudly.

~ung/. laughter ; jest(ing).

cealc m. chalk, lime ; plaster [Z/. calx].

-pytt, -sea)> m. chalk-pit.

-Stan ;;/. chalk.

ceald I. cold. II. «. cold.

-heortf cruel.

-ian become cold ; become tor- pid.

cealer, cealre, ceoldre /, cal- wer m. curds.

-briw, calwer-clim m. pottage of curds.

cealf, A. §, » «., //. ~as, -ru, A. calfur, calferu calf.

-ian calve.

cealliant shout.

ceap m. price — deop ~ high price ; bargain, commercial transaction drifan make bargain ; mar- keting, market ; cattle.

-cniht, ciepe- m. slave.

-dfflg m. market-day.

-eadig rich in cattle.

-gield n price.

-hus*, c»pe- n. storehouse.

CEAP-MANN

GENE

CEOSOL

ceap mann, clep(e)- m. merchant, pedlar.

-scamol, clep- m. cnstom-house, toll-booth.

-scip n. trading-ship.

-setl, ciep- «. toll-booth.

-stow, ciepe-/. market-place, com- mercial centre.

-Strsfet, ciep-/ trade-street.

-ping, clepe- n. merchandise.

ceapian buy ; bargain ; buy and sell, trade ; acquire wda.

ceap ung, -ing/ marketing, buying and selling, trading.

-gemot n. meeting for trade, market.

cearc|ian creak ; gnash (teeth).

-etung/. creaking.

cearm = cierm cry.

ceas/ quarrel, strife ; reproof.

ceast /. quarrel, strife, sedition, seditio.

-full quarrelsome, turbulent.

ceaster/. city [Lt. castra].

-aesc m. black hellebore.

-buendf m. citizen.

-hlidf n. city-gate.

-hoff n. house.

-•ware, -an, -gewaran, //.,-wai-u /. citizens.

-wlc/. village.

-wyrt/ black hellebore.

ceawl = cawel basket.

cecel, oe, i m. little cake ; morsel.

cedele/. mercury (a plant).

ceder «., -beam m., -treow n. cedar [Lt. cedrus].

cedrisc of cedar [ceder].

cel|an, oe cool tr. [col].

-ing/, coolness ; cool place.

(ge)-nes/. coolness.

celdre = cealer.

cele m. keel.

celeponie, cylepenie /. celandine \_Lt. chelidonium].

cell (monastic ) cell vL. {_Lt.\

cel(l)endre /, cel(l)ender n. coriander [Lt. coriandrum].

celmert-mann IN. m. hired ser- vant.

cellodf, eelodf round (?) or em- bossed (?) (tf/ shield).

cemban,/r^.cemde comb[camb].

cemes/ shirt [Lt. camisia].

cempja m, soldier, warrior [camp].

-estre/ female novice Gl.

cent m. torch ; the Runic letter c.

cen e, oe bold.

-lice av. boldly.

~pu/ boldness.

cenep m. moustache.

cennjan, y bear (child), produce;

declare, attest, give information ;

•wda. assign, ascribe, give (name)

II rft. clear oneself (of accusation),

disavow. -ende parent. -endlic genital, -estre, cy-/. mother, cenning/ begetting ; birth, -stan m. testing-stone, -stow/ birth-place, -tid/ time of birth. Cent/. Kent [Lt. Cantia]. -ingas mpl. men of Kent. ~isc Kentish. -land, -rice n. Kent, -ware = Cant- ware, centaurie / centaury (a plant)

[Lt. centaureum]. ceo/ jackdaw.

ceod m., ~e/. (?) pouch, vessel. ceol m. ship, -peluf/. ship, ceoldre = cealer curds, ceole/ throat. ceolfor- =cilfor-. ceolor m. throat, ceorjian murmur, grumble, -ung/. grumbling. ceorc^an* complain, -ing/, complaining. ceorf|an 3 cut. cut down (tree),

excavate (sepulchre in rock) — ptc.

corfen cut off ; engrave ; tear, -aex/ axe.

-ing-isen n. branding-iron (!). ceorl m. free man of the lowest

class; free man; common man,

plebeian ; husband ; -j-man, hero. -boren of low birth. -folc n. common people, vulgar, -ian marry (of woman). -isc = cierlise. ~(l;ic common, popular (not

learned).

~(l)ice av. vulgarly, -strang strong as a man (of

woman).

ceorran 3 creak once. ceosan prt. pi. curon, ptc . coren

7 choose w. a., rarely g. ; select —

G-ode gecoren chosen (man) in

the sight of God ; accept ; decide.

[33]

ceosol, cisel, y (m.) gravel ; cesol gizzard Gl.

-stan m. pebble.

ceosol cottage.

ceowan 7 chew; gnaw; eat, con- sume.

ceowl = cawel.

cepan wa. observe, notice | wg. attend to, not neglect, keep (ap- pointment) | ivdg. take (to flight), betake oneself (to shelter); devise, meditate : he nolde him nanes fleames cepan, he me hearmes cep}> | strive : he cepte symle hu he cwemde Gode [gecop].

ceren, oe, 33, y (n.} sweet wine [Lt. carenum].

ceren = cyren churn.

cerfille, cee-, cy-, -elle/. chervil [Lt. cerefolium].

cerlic (w.) charlock (a plant).

cerse, as, cresse/, cressa m. cress.

cesol - ceosol.

cete = cyte cottage.

cewl = cawel.

chor m. dance ; choir [Z/. chorus].

-gleo n. dance.

cian //. gills.

cicel = cecel little cake.

gecld n. strife.

cid|an quarrel ; complain ; blame w. d. or wif> a.

-ung, -ing/, rebuke.

ciefes, ~e/ concubine, prostitute.

-boren illegitimate.

-dona, -had m. concubinage, forni- cation.

-gemana m. fornication.

ciegjan call tr. and intr., call out, call to, invoke ; summon ; call by name.

ge-(ed)nes/ calling; name.

-endlic vocative (case).

-ere m. caller, crier out.

ciflian L. be cold [ciele].

cield(o)/. cold [ceald].

ciele m. cold [calan].

-gicel m. icicle.

-wearte/ goose-skin.

-wyrL/ sorrel.

gecif If (cow) with calf [cealf].

ciep(e)- see ceap-.

ciep|an buy, sell, trade in [ceap].

-a, -end m. merchant, trader.

-ing/ trade, marketing; market, market-place.

geciepe for sale.

CIEPE

CINC-DAPEN

CIRIC-pEGNTJNG

ciepe/. onion [Z/. caepa].

-leac m. leek.

cierlisc, ceo- rustic, common (man)

[ceorl].

~nes/ clownishness. cierm, ea, eo m. shout, clamour,

cry.

-an shout, cry out tr. and intr. cierr m. time, occasion — set su-

mum ~e ; (first, second, &c.)

time ; affair, business. cie rr an tr. turn, bring into a cer- tain state, convert (to Christianity) ;

reduce to subjection — him to

ge~ ; transform, turn || intr. turn ;

go, return — hine~, ge~ return to. ge-ednes f. entrance, admission ;

conversion (to Christianity). ~ung/. conversion. cies fastidious (about food)[ceosan]. -nes/ fastidiousness. ciesje, £ m. cheese [Z/. caseus]. ~(e)fset n. cheese-vat. ~hw»g n. whey. -lybb «. rennet. -gerunn n. rennet. ~MTU.ce/. cheese-week. ciest/ chest ; coffin [Z/. cista]. ~ian put in coffin. cietel m, kettle. -hrum («.) soot of kettle, cild «.,//. cild(ru) child — wearp

mid (pam) ~e became pregnant.

-a hierde schoolmaster, paedago-

gus. -a msBssedseg Innocents' -

day. -trog cradle. ~clap «. swaddling-cloth. -cradol m. cradle. -faru/ carrying children, -fostre/ nurse. -geogop/ period of childhood. -geong infantine. -had m. childhood. -hama m. womb ; afterbirth, -ieldo/ childhood, -isc childish. -lie infantine. cileponie = celeponie. cilfor-lamb, eo n. ewe-lamb. cilic m. hair-cloth [Z/. cilieium]. cimbjan*. -ing/, joint. -iren n. edge-iron (?). cimbal(a) m. cymbal \_Lt. cymba-

lum].

cinan 6 gape, crack. cine-.

cinc|dapen ornamented in some way : hyre -an cyrtel Ct.

cincung/ loud laughter.

cine (m.} folded sheet (of parch- ment) Gl. Cp. geclofa. [cinan].

cin e, -u wk.f. chink, fissure.

-iht, io cracked.

cinn/. chin.

-ban n. jaw.

-beorg/ visor.

-top m. grinder.

cinnanf once R.

cinu - cine chink.

ciper-sealf/ henna-ointment \_Lt. cypros].

cipp m. log, trunk ; ploughshare ; weaver's beam.

circul, -ol m. circle [Z/.].

-adl/ shingles (a disease).

-crfflft m. knowledge of the zodiac.

ciric e, circe, cyr- /. church.

-Jew/, ecclesiastical marriage.

-beU/ church-bell.

-boc/ church-book.

-bot/. church-repair.

-bryce m. breaking into a church.

-dor n. church-door.

~frip m. (right of) sanctuary.

-fultum m. church-help.

-gang m. going to church.

-georn diligent in attending church.

-grip «. (right of) sanctuary.

-had m. order of the church.

-halgung f. consecration of a church.

-hata m. persecution of churches.

-lie ecclesiastical.

-m&rsung/ dedication of a church.

-gemana m. congregation.

-mangling/ simony.

-mitta m. church-measure.

-nied, eo/. need^ruse of the church.

-nytt/. church-service.

-paep m. church-path.

-ragu/ church-moss.

-ran*, e church-robbery.

-geryht «. church-due.

-sang m. church-hymn.

-sangere m. church-singer.

-sceatt m. church-tax or rate.

-socn/ (right of) sanctuary ; going to church.

-steall, ~st§ de m. site of a church.

-stig/ church-path.

-tid/ church-time.

-tun ;;/. churchyard.

-pegn, -pen m. minister.

[34]

ciricjpegnung, -pen- / church- service.

-pingere m. priest.

-wfflcce/. vigil.

-Wfibd/ church- vestment.

-wag/, church-wall.

-waru/. congregation.

-weard m. churchwarden, sacribtan.

cir e)s beam, ciser-, m., ~treo\vr «. cherry-tree [Lt. cerasus].

cirps, y, crisp curly (hair) ; curly- haired.

-ian curl.

ciser- = cirs-.

cistel*, y (/) chestnut-tree \cp. oisten].

cisten (/.), cist(en)-beam m. chestnut [Lt. castanea .

citel|ian tickle.

-ung/ tickling.

cit(e)re/ harp [Z/. cithara].

Clp m. germ (of plant), spire, young shoot, sprout ; mote (in eye) ; seed.

-fast well rooted, growing.

cla = clawu claw.

clacian, ea hurry, hasten intr.

clac|u*/ strife.

-leas, clsec- undisputed, free.

clador*, ea, clader-sticca m. rattle.

claec = clac-.

cljefre, a, defer- wyrt/ clover.

claeg (m.) clay.

-ig*, cleeig aj. clayey.

cleemjan smear, plaster, caulk [clam].

-ing*, mm/, smearing.

clffin e I. clear, open (field) ; pure, clean, wg. free from, devoid of; innocent, free from guilt; chaste. II. cliene, a av. entirely.

-georn desiring to be pure-hearted.

-heort pure-hearted.

-lie pure (love).

-lice av. purely.

-nes/. purity.

cleans ian, cla-, clsesnian, a, cleensnian clean(se), clear (land of weeds), purge (stomach)";. purify (heart), chasten (with affliction) ; -wag. clear (of accusa- tion).

-ere m. purifier.

(ge)-ung / purifying ; expiation ; chastity.

clfensnian = clsensian.

CI^EPPETTAN

CLIPIAN

CLYSAN

cleeppettjan, -etan throb (of

sinew).

-ung/. throbbing, pulse. clffisnian = clsensian. clafre - clsefre clover. clam m. mud, paste, clainm m. grasp ; bond, chain. clane = claene av. clasnian ~ cleen sian. elate/, burdock, burr. clatrjian clatter. -wag/, clattering. clap m. cloth ; pi. clothes, clapian IN. clothe. clauster «. enclosure ; cloister ;

fortress. Cp. cluster \_Lt. claus-

trum].

claw | an claw, -ung/ gripes, colic. clawu, da, A. clea, cleo/. claw ;

hoof ; iron claw, //. pincers. clea = clawu.

cleac/. stepping-stone Ct. {Celtic}. clemman*, imper. claem once

contract (hand) (?). cleofian = clifian. cleofjan 7 split, cleave tr. -ung/. cleaving, sectio. cleofa, y m. chamber, cell ; den

(of wild beasts). cleopian = clipian. cleric, cleroc, cli- m. secular

clergyman \_Lt. clericus]. -had m. the clerical office. clewepa m. itch [clawan]. clibbor adhesive [clifian]. geclibs = geclips*. clidren(n)/ clatter. clif «. cliff; crag, rock. -hliep m. leap from cliff (?) Gl. ~ig steep, -iht(ig) steep. -stan m. rock, clif-wyrt*, yf. foxglove. clifian, eo, y adhere. clife/. burdock. clifer m. claw, -fete claw-footed (bird), with

talons.

clifiht adhesive. clifr|ian scratch [clifer]. -ung/. scratching, gecliht/fr. </clyccan compress, climman, L. climban 3 ; fclym-

mian once climb. clingan 3 shrink, contract intr. ;

wither.

clip j ian, y, eo call (out) intr. ivd. \\

tr. summon, call; w.a. nom. call,

name. -iendlic vocal (sound), vowel ;

vocative (case). -ol vowel. -ung f. clamour ; articulation (of

sounds) ; vL. claim. clipol, clipor m. clapper (of bell). geclips*, -ibs, -ysp «. clamour

[clipian]. cliroc = cleric, elite/, colt's-foot. clipa, y m. poultice, plaster (for

wound). cliwen, y, eo, clywe n. ball of

thread, clew ; anything in the

shape of a ball. cloccian cluck (of hen). clod-.

-hamer m. fieldfare once. geclofa m. half of a folded sheet ;

duplicate of a document [cleofan]. clofe/. buckle. clof|e, u/. clove, bulb or tuber of

plant — garleaces ~ [cleofan]. -eht bulbed. -pung, -e/ crow-foot, -wyrt/ buttercup. clott- lump Gl. dud «. rock. ~ig rocky. cluf-=clof-. clugge/ bell.

clumian mumble, speak indis- tinctly, cluse/ confinement, prison ; bond,

chain ; (mountain) pass \_Lt.

clausum].

cluster n. lock ; barrier ; confine- ment, prison \_Lt. claustrum]. -cleofa m., -loc n. prison, clut m. piece of cloth, patch ; metal

plate.

-ian patch. clyccan bring together, clench —

gecliht clenched (hand). clyfa = cleofa. geclyfte cloven Gl [cleofan]. clympre/ lump of metal, metal. clyne (m.') lump of metal. clynnan, clynian (re)sound intr. clypp (m.) embracing. clypjpan embrace; affect, seize

(heart) ; cherish, love. -nes/ embrace, geclyps = geclips*.

[351

clys an* enclose [cluse].

-ung, -ing/ enclosing ; chamber ; conclusion (of sentence).

clyster, geclystre «. cluster, bunch (of berries).

cnCBpling m. youth [cnapa].

cnaapp m. top; mountain-top | brooch.

gecnsewe conscious of, acknow- ledging (sin) wg. ; known, mani- fest [cnawan].

cnafa - cnapa.

cnapa, cnafa m. bey ; youth ; servant.

gecnaw an i (cnawan very rare ; never in W.~) know : nine ge- cneow paet he wees Godes sunu; understand (language) ; recognize (opposite of ignore).

-nes/ acknowledgement.

cnearrf m. small war-ship.

cneat ian dispute.

-ung/. dispute, investigation.

cnedan 5 knead.

cneodan = cnodan.

gecneord, cneord intent on, zealous, diligent.

-Ifflcan be diligent.

-lie diligent.

-lice av. diligently

-nes/. diligence, study.

eneoris(s), -isii f. generation, family, race, tribe.

-boc/ Genesis.

cneo(w), A. cneo «. knee ; degree of relationship, generation.

-gebed n. prayer on one's knees.

-bieging/. kneeling.

-eht knotty (plant).

-holen m. butcher's broom.

-mseg m. kinsman.

-rift m knee-hose (?).

-rim m. progeny, descendants.

-aibb/ race, family.

-wterc m. pain in knees.

-wrist, -wyrst/ knee-joint.

cneowian, cneowan kneel.

-ung/. kneeling.

cneowlian kneel.

cnidan once 6 beat IM. [cp. gni- dan].

cnif m. knife.

cniht, eo, A. e m. boy; attendant, servant, retainer.

-gebeorpor «. (male) child-bearing.

-cild «. Loy.

-geogop/. youth

CNIHT-GEONG

COLNES

CORNOC

cniht|geong young.

-had m. youth ; (male) virginity.

-leas without attendants.

-lie boyish

-wesendef young, in boyhood.

-wise/, manner of a boy.

cnocian, u knock (at door) ; pound (in mortar).

cnodan, of, eo wda. attribute (qualities to a person).

cnoll m. hill-top, hill.

gecnos n. collision [cnyssan].

cnosl K. progenj', kindred, family, native country.

cnossian dash, strike intr. iv. be.

cnot ta m. knot.

-niselum av. concisely Gl.

cnucian = cnocian.

cnu(w)ian pound (in mortar).

gecnycc- bond IN.

cnyll m. sound of bell.

-an, IN. cnyllsan sound bell.

cnyssjan tr. beat against, dash against, toss (storm . . ship)| defeat, crush (in battle), overcome (of temptation) ; hard press, trouble, afflict [cnossian].

-ung/. stroke, impulse (of air).

cnyttjan tie [cnotta].

-els m. string, sinew.

coc m. cook [Z/. coquus].

coco m. cock.

coccel m. corn-cockle, darnel, tares.

cocer-panne/. frying-pan.

cocn|ian*, coca- cook [coc].

-ung, cocu-/. thing cooked.

cocor m. quiver ; sword (!), spear (!).

cocor- [coc].

~mete m. cooked food.

-panne/, frying-pan.

cod-fflppel m, quince [Z/. cydonia, 8eppel].

codd m. bag ; cod, shell, husk, skin (of grape).

cof]a, of, m. chamber.

•-godas mpl. house-gods, penates.

-incel n. little chamber, hand- mill (!).

cohhetanf shout (?), cough (?).

col n. live coal, (piece of) charcoal.

-inase/. titmouse (a bird).

-pytt m. coal-pit.

-prffed m. blackened thread, plumb- line.

col cool ; appeased, calm (0/" anxiety, grief).

-cwield/ ague (?) Gl.

colnes/ coolness.

eolian intr. cool, become cold ; cool (<?/"love).

coliandre /. coriander [Z/. cori- andrum].

collen-fer(h)pf bold.

-an*, -ferhtan make empty, ex- haust Gl.

collon-crog m. water-lily.

colt m. colt.

-greeg colt's-foot.

-etrseppe, coltraeppe, calcatrippe f. Christ's thorn.

colnmne, -umbe /. column [Z/. columna].

com//-/, of cuman.

consolde f. comfrey \_Lt. con- solida].

consul m. consul \_Lt. consul].

coorte/. cohort \_Lt. cohors].

cop (m.} an outer garment.

gecop fit, suitable.

-lice av. fitly, well.

copenere m. lover.

copor «. copper [ZA cuprum].

copp m. summit.

-ede having the top cut off, polled (tree).

cops = cosp.

cor- [ceosan].

-snJed/. 'trial-morsel,' piece of con- secrated bread whose swallowing was a test of innocence.

gecor n. decision [ceosan].

cordewanere m. shoemaker Ct. [/>.].

coren-beag/ crown \_Lt. corona].

coren, ge- chosen [ceosan].

ge~lic elegant.

ge~lice av. elegantly.

(ge)~nes/ choice ; goodness.

ge~acipe m. election ; excellence.

corflian mince, cut small [ceor- fan].

corn «. com ; grain (of mustard), pip, berry ; corn (on foot).

-fflppel m. pomegranate.

-sesceda^/. corn-sweepings, chaff.

-bsere, ~berende corn-bearing.

-hrycce/. corn-rick.

-hus n. granary.

-ges&lig rich in corn.

~gesc(e)ot n. contribution of com.

-teopung/. tithe of com.

~treow «. comel-tree.

-trog m. corn-bin.

~wurma m. weevil.

[36]

cornoc = cranoc (cronoc). coronian crown [Z/. corona], corper, -or n. troop, assemblage,

reiinue ; pomp, cosp, cops m. fetter. -ian fetter. coss m. kiss. -ian kiss.

cost m. (?) costmary (a plant), cost — pses ~es pe on condition

that \Scand. kostr]. gecostf, cost tried, proved, chosen,

excellent [ceosan]. costjian, costnian iv.g. or a. try,

test ; tempt, afflict. -ere, ~i(g)end m. tempter. -ung, -ing f. temptation, trial,

tribulation.

ge~nes/. trial, temptation. cot n. cottage, house ; chamber ;

den (of thieves). -lif n. hamlet, -setla m. cottager, tenant, -stow /. hamlet. cottuc, cotuc m. mallow. copu f. disease, pestilence, seo

micle - elephantiasis, leprosy. era (n.) croaking (of frogs and

crows) Gl. crabba w.crab. cracian resound. cracett an croak. -ung, creecetung/. croaking, cradol, -el m. cradle. -cild «. infant. craft m. skill, ability ; cunning,

device ; knowledge, science ; art,

trade, profession | good quality,

excellence, virtue | strength,

power ; cause, -gleaw-f wise, -leas unskilled. -lie artificial ; skilfully made,

skilled (labour). -lice av. skilfully. -weorc n. clever work, crseftan exercise a craft, crfflftig skilful, skilled — wg. skilled

in ; cunning | excellent, virtuous j

strong, powerful. -lice av. skilfully. craeft(i)ga, creeft(i)ca, crasfta m.

artificer, workman. craet n.,gpl. ~(en)a chariot. -ehors n. horse for